Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. The major use of toluene is as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings. Toluene is also usedto produce benzene and as a solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances, adhesives, inks, and cleaningagents. Toluene is also used in the production of polymers used to make nylon, plastic soda bottles, andpolyurethanes and for pharmaceuticals, dyes, cosmetic nail products, and the synthesis of organicchemicals. The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute and chronicexposures. CNS dysfunction (which is often reversible) and narcosis have been frequently observed inhumans acutely exposed to low or moderate levels of toluene by inhalation; symptoms include fatigue,sleepiness, headaches, and nausea. CNS depression and death have occurred at higher levels of exposure. Toluene is used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for various parasites in dogs and cats. It is used for the removal of ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala) and as an aid in removing tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, and Echinococcus granulosus) from dogs and cats.

Inosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside which serves as an intermediate in purine metabolism. The metabolism of purines in humans generates a potent antioxidant compound, uric acid, which is known to be a natural scavenger of both oxygen and nitrogen reactive species as well as having chelator properties. Inosine, as a precursor of uric acid, was shown to have neuroprotective effect in vitro and is being tested in phase III of clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson disease. The treatment with inosine is belived to prevent or slow the disease.

Amantocillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivative, is an old highly active penicillinase-resistant broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Metampicillin is the approved name for the penicillin resulting from the reaction of ampicillin with formaldehyde. Metampicillin is hydrolysed in aqueous solution with the formation of ampicillin. Metampicillin has broad spectrum of activity coupled with a marked degree of stability to bacterial penicillinase. Furthermore, metampicillin is reported to be absorbed to a greater extent than ampicillin, resulting in superior blood levels in human subjects, and also giving high levels of antibiotic in bile following parenteral administration. Metampicillin showed a spectrum and level of activity similar to that of ampicillin in vitro, and both compounds were inactive against penicillinase-producing strains of bacteria. The activity of metampicillin was markedly reduced by human serum, and the compound was less active than ampicillin in the presence of human serum. Following the oral administration of metampicillin to man, metampicillin was not detected in the blood stream nor in urine, and ampicillin alone was demonstrated in these subjects. The serum concentrations of ampicillin that were produced following the oral administration of metampicillin were somewhat lower than those obtained with equivalent doses of ampicillin. Adminstration of metampicillin by the intramuscular (i.m.) route to volunteers resulted in the appearance of both ampicillin and metampicillin in the blood, and of ampicillin alone in the urine of these subjects. When parenteraly administered, metampicillin appeared to be a particularly suitable penicillin for the treatment of biliary tract infections. Metampicillin is a cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor.

Pixantrone is a novel anthracenedione. It is a weak inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Pixantrone directly alkylates DNA forming stable DNA adducts and cross-strand breaks. Pixuvri is approved for the treatment of adult patients with multiply relapsed or refractory aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is used for patients whose cancer does not respond or has returned after they have received other chemotherapy treatments. The most frequent AE were seen in the blood (mainly neutropaenia), gastrointestinal (nausea, abdominal pain, constipation) and respiratory systems (cough, dyspnea). No drug-drug interaction studies have been submitted and no drug interactions have been reported in human subjects

Cotarninium is a uterotonic agent. It increases the tone of smooth muscles of internal organs, particularly the uterus. Indicated for the treatment of uterus subinvolution (after childbirth and abortion), dysfunctional uterine bleeding and bleeding due to fibroids and inflammatory processes. Side effects are nausea, allergic reactions. Contraindications are pregnancy and hypersensitivity to the agent.

There is no available information about this compound