Teloxantrone (also known as DuP 937) was developed as an anthrapyrazole intercalator that inhibits DNA synthesis. Teloxantrone interacts with topoisomerase II, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair, as well as RNA and protein synthesis. The drug participated in phase II clinical trials in colorectal carcinoma, in non-small cell lung cancer, in metastatic malignant melanoma. However, these studied apparently were discontinued.

Hexasonium, an anticholinergic agent, was studied as a spasmolytic. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Difencloxazine is a tranquilizing agent.

Dipiproverine is the spasmolytic agent. It was used as anticholinergic drug.

Anilopam is an opioid analgesic of the benzazepine class. It is an opioid receptor agonist.

ISOMETAMIDIUM (as a chloride salt) is widely used in tropical countries as an antiprotozoal agent to control animal trypanosomiasis. It is used principally in cattle but also in sheep, goats, buffalos, donkeys, horses, camels and dogs.

Tariquidar, a non-competitive, specific P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor, is an anthranilamide derivative with multidrug resistance properties. Tariquidar binds to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport protein Pgp, thereby inhibiting transmembrane transport of anticancer drugs resulting in their increased intracellular concentrations augmenting cytotoxicity of an anticancer drug. Tariquidar was discovered by Xenova Group and was developed for the treatment of multidrug resistance in cancer. In October 2002 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted fast track review status to tariquidar for the treatment of multi-drug resistance in first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tariquidar is still undergoing research as an adjuvant against multidrug resistance in cancer.

Trecetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent developed for the treatment of atrial flutter and fibrillation. Trecetilide probably has effects on the cardiac myocyte membrane that are similar to ibutilide. It is being developed for both oral and intravenous administration. Unlike ibutilide, trecetilide has good oral bioavailability. Trecetilide has a good metabolic stability. As with ibutilide, its mechanism of class III action may involve both rectifier K+ current blockade and other mechanisms of prolonging repolarization.

The novel compounds clamikalant (HMR 1883) or its sodium salt HMR 1098) have been shown to block selectively Kir6.2/SUR1-composed K(ATP) channels. Clamikalant is under development by Aventis Pharma (formerly Hoechst Marion Roussel) for the potential treatment of heart arrest and ventricular arrhythmias. Nevertheless, clamikalant and its sodium salt did not pass the clinical trials

Carmoterol is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist with a rapid onset of action and potent bronchodilating activity. Carmoterol has a similar onset of action compared to salbutamol and formoterol, and a faster onset of action compared to salmeterol. Furthermore, the duration of tracheal smooth muscle relaxation is longer for carmoterol compared to both formoterol and salmeterol. In asthmatic patients, the PK of carmoterol is proportional to the dose, and nonlinear accumulation of the drug after repeated dosing treatments is negligible. In patients with persistent asthma carmoterol 2 µg administered once daily is as effective as formoterol 12 µg twice daily. Safety and tolerability results are similar between carmoterol and formoterol. There were no significant changes in ECG results, blood pressure or serum potassium or glucose levels