In the US, Ethaverine is a member of the drug class peripheral vasodilators. It’s an alkaloid prepared synthetically from opium with no narcotic properties. Directly relaxes all smooth muscles, especially when they have been spasmodically contracted. Action is especially pronounced when spasm is present on coronary, cerebral, pulmonary, and peripheral arteries. Acts directly on myocardium like quinidine; depresses conduction and irritability, and prolongs refractory period. Primarily for peripheral and cerebral vascular insufficiency associated with arterial spasm; also a smooth muscle spasmolytic in spastic conditions of the GI and GU tracts. Adverse Effects ( 1%) CNS: Vertigo, headache, drowsiness. CV: Hypotension, arrhythmias. GI: Nausea, anorexia, abdominal distress, dry throat. Other: Malaise, flushing, sweating, lassitude, respiratory depression. Ethaverine may decrease levodopa effectiveness; morphine may antagonize smooth muscle relaxation effect of ethaverine.

Mebanazine is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. It was introduced in the 1960s for the treatment of depression and was marketed under trade name Actomol. The drug was withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity. In addition to its antidepressant effect, the drug was found to possess an anorexic action and in animal models, it potentiated the hypoglycemic response to insulin and delayed the recovery of blood glucose levels to normal.

Gold monoiodide (AuI; Aurum iodatum) is a chemical compound of gold and iodine. This compound can be synthesized by heating gold and iodine in a sealed tube at 120°C for about four months. It decomposes when treated with hot water, but its related complexes are much more stable. It’s used like unapproved homeopathic product for treatment of Senile Paresis. This product is to be used for self-limiting conditions. If symptoms do not improve in 4 days, or worsen, discontinue use and seek assistance of health professional

Irinotecan is an antineoplastic enzyme inhibitor primarily used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Irinotecan is sold under the brand name Camptosar among others. CAMPTOSAR is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated for: • First-line therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum. • Patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum whose disease has recurred or progressed following initial fluorouracil-based therapy. Irinotecan is a derivative of camptothecin. Camptothecins interact specifically with the enzyme topoisomerase I, which relieves torsional strain in DNA by inducing reversible single-strand breaks. Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 bind to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevent religation of these single-strand breaks. Current research suggests that the cytotoxicity of irinotecan is due to double-strand DNA damage produced during DNA synthesis when replication enzymes interact with the ternary complex formed by topoisomerase I, DNA, and either irinotecan or SN-38. Mammalian cells cannot efficiently repair these double-strand breaks.

Mureletecan is a water-soluble prodrug, consisting of camptothecin covalently linked to polymeric backbone methacryloylglycynamide, with potential antineoplastic activity. After entering tumor cells, the active moiety camptothecin is slowly released from mureletecan via hydrolysis of the ester linkage. Camptothecin, the active moiety, is an alkaloid isolatable from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. Camptothecin itself suffers from poor solubility, which is why it is often investigated with a solubilizing conjugate; such as in Mureletecan. Camptothecin binds to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex producing potentially lethal double-stranded DNA breaks when encountered by DNA replication machinery. Camptothecin has also been shown to inhibit HIF1a. Camptothecin has been investigated with a number of solubilizing conjugates as a potential treatment in various forms of cancer.