Liranafate (6-methoxy-2-N-methyl-aminopyridine-thiocarboxylic acid-(5,6,7,8 tetrahydro)-β-Naphthyl ester), a new antifungal drug, is synthesis inhibitor of squalene epoxidase inhibitor and cytoderm inhibitor, which was manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and Zenyaku Kogyo Corporation. It firstly came to the market in August 2000 in Japan. By inhibiting the squalene epoxide reactions of fungal cells and detering the synthesis of ergosterol, which is a constituent of cell membrane. The antifungal activity of Liranafate is 8 times as high as that of Tolnaftate. Liranafate is especially effective against trichophyton rubrum.

FLURITHROMYCIN, an erythromycin fluorine derivative, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces erythraeus ATCC 31772. It is used as an antibacterial drug. The spectrum of activity of FLURITHROMYCIN is almost identical to that of erythromycin but it is more stable to acid.

Lymecycline is a tetracycline broad-spectrum antibiotic marketed by the pharmaceutical company Galderma. It is approximately 5,000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by an active transport process across the intestinal wall, making use of the same fast and efficient mechanism by which carbohydrates are absorbed. Lymecycline's side effects can include rash, headache, diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis, nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, dysphasia, inflammation of the liver, hypersensitive reactions, and visual disturbances. When taken for a long period of time, it can cause reflux oesophagitis.

Methaniazide (metaniazide) is the methanesulfonate derivative of isoniazid with antibacterial properties. It is used used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.

Tilbroquinol is a 8-hydroxyquinoline compound exerting antiprotozoal actions. The mechanism of action for 8-hydroxyquinolines remains unknown, although it has been proposed that these compounds chelate metals necessary for multiple enzymatic catalysis reactions, including DNA synthesis. Tilbroquinol in combination with tiliquinol (INTETRIX capsules) is indicated for the treatment of intestinal amebiasis. Some countries (France, Saudi Arabia) have withdrawn from the market products containing tilbroquinol because of the hepatoxicity.

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived from the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a that have different patterns of methylation at the 69 position of the ring. Gentamicin C1a is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin C1a binds to the A-site RNA of the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.

Bacitracin B3 is one of major components of bacitracin, a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Bacitracin exerts pronounced antibacterial action in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and a few gram-negative organisms. However, among systemic diseases, only staphylococcal infections qualify for consideration of bacitracin therapy. Bacitracin A, B1, B2 and B3, short bacitracins A and B represent about 96% of the total microbiological activity in pharmaceutical formulations

Pazufloxacin is a fused tricyclic quinolone derivative that has a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. Pazufloxacin inhibits bot DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and has shown in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Citrobacter, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Shigella, Salmonella, Aeromonas and Yersinia. The drug is used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as abdominal infections, genital infections, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, etc.

Tobicillin (TBPC) is an ester derivative of penicillin G. It is a beta-Lactam antibiotic, peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitor. TBPC was shown to be the effective antibiotic for the treatment of enterococcicosis in yellowtail.

Biapenem (INN) is a carbapenem antibiotic. It has in vitro activity against anaerobes. Approved in Japan in 2001. Biapenem is a carbopenems antibiotic which suppresses bacterial growth by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for bacterial cell wall synthesis, and shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity both against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Biapenem is stable to dehaloperoxidase-I (DHP-I) and can not be administered together with DHP-I inhibitor. This product is applicable to the treatment of a variety of infections caused by sensitive bacteria: septicemia, pneumonia, lung abscess, secondary infections resulting from chronic respiratory disease, cystitis, pyelonephritis, peritonitis, appendagitis, etc. Biapenem is generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events in clinical trials were skin eruptions/rashes, nausea and diarrhoea.