Siratiazem [LRA 113] is a calcium channel antagonist that is structurally similar to diltiazem but has a branched alkyl group on the basic nitrogen. Siratiazem has been developed in an attempt to limit the in vivo N-demethylation that is known to occur with diltiazem. Preliminary binding and functional studies in cardiac and vascular tissues indicate that it not only binds to diltiazem binding sites but also exhibits Ca2+ channel blocking properties comparable to diltiazem. Siratiazem has a similar profile of activity to its parent compound, diltiazem, in that it blocks calcium channels in vascular, intestinal smooth muscle and cardiac tissue, and is least potent in cardiac muscle. At higher concentrations, siratiazem may also block cardiac sodium channels.

Modipafant is a dihydropyridine derivative patented by American multinational pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer Ltd. as platelet-activating factor antagonist for bronchoconstriction and asthma treatment. Platelet-activating factor, proposed as an important inflammatory mediator in asthma, reproduces several of the features of asthma, such as microvascular leakage, mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and possibly increased airway responsiveness. Unfortunately, in clinical trials, Modipafant failed to demonstrate superior efficacy compared to placebo.

Piroxantrone is one of a series of compounds commonly known as anthrapyrazoles developed in an effort to combine the broad antitumor activity of the anthracyclines with decreased myocardial toxicity. The mechanism of action of piroxantrone and other anthrapyrazoles is incompletely understood but likely involves DNA binding with induction of DNA strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-linking, and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Collectively, these findings suggested an interaction with topoisomerase II. Piroxantrone demonstrated antitumor activity in a wide spectrum of experimental systems against breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma and leukemia. Piroxantrone is inactive in patients with persistent, progressive, or recurrent ovarian cancer who recently had received a platinum-based regimen. Piroxantrone has detectable but minimal activity against disseminated malignant melanoma. A phase II clinical trial of the piroxantrone administration for the treatment of advanced metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer was prematurely terminated due to lack of patient accrual.

Ambamustine (PTT-119) is a bifunctional alkylating agent. Its antitumour effect is reported to mainly be through alkylation and interstrand cross-linkage of DNA. The drug was awaiting registration in Italy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and was also in phase-II clinical trial for small cell lung cancer, but was discontinued.

Quincarbate is a quinoline derivative patented by N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken as diuretic. At 12.5 mg/kg orally in rats Quincarbate increased urine excretion by 130%.

Fandosentan (CI 1034 or PD 180988) is an endothelin A receptor antagonist. It inhibits pulmonary vasoconstriction. Fandosentan was being developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension.

Gisadenafil is a phosphodiesterase V inhibitor in clinical development at Pfizer. It had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Erectile dysfunction; Overactive bladder. Treatment-emergent adverse events were: headache, myalgia, dyspepsia, back pain.

Valategrast (R-411) is a dual-acting α4/β1 - α4/β7 integrin antagonist which underwent clinical development with Roche for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and asthma. Phase I and II studies have been conducted. It had shown good efficacy in animal disease models. Following oral administration, R-411 was rapidly and completely biotransformed into its active metabolite, RO-0270608, most of which was eliminated by biliary excretion. R-411 had shown acceptable pharmacokinetics and good safety in healthy volunteers. R-411 inhibited eosinophil and T H 2 cell excitation and survival, and inhibited eosinophil migration from blood to pulmonary tissues. The idea of combining R-411 with montelukast (leukotriene antagonist) in the pharmaceutical dosage forms, therefore, provided a therapeutic treatment that had the combined effect of reducing circulating eosinophil counts and reducing eosinophil egress into pulmonary tissues, thereby providing an early onset of bronchodilation as well as sustained anti-inflammatory effects. Valategrast had been in phase II clinical trials by Roche for the treatment of asthma and in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the study had been discontinued. Development of Valategrast was discontinued for the treatment of asthma after clarification of the regulatory framework for that class of compounds.

Tezampanel, also known as LY 293558 and NGX-424, is a drug originally developed by Eli Lilly, which is a competitive antagonist of the AMPA and kainate subtypes of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. Tezampanel was in phase II clinical trial for treatment migraine, but this study was discontinued. Also this drug has several others potential pharmacological actions, one of them is anxiety disorders

Cliropamine (D 16427) is a positive inotropic compound.