Apilimod is a small molecule inhibitor of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 synthesis thereby preventing IL-12/IL-23 mediated immune responses. Apilimod is also observed to inhibit the nuclear accumulation of NF-kappB protein family, and viral infections dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve). Apilimod has been investigated as a potential treatment for a number of autoimmune conditions.

SP-2086 H3PO4 (Retagliptin Phosphate), tetrahydro-imidazo[1,5-a] pyrazine derivative, is a competitive DPP-4 inhibitor innovated in China under development by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. In completed phase II trials, retagliptin monotherapy or in combination with metformin significantly decreased the HbA1c level in type 2 diabetic patients. Two phase III trials for retagliptin monotherapy aCnd in combination with metformin, respectively, were ongoing in China. Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine withdrew its application from the Chinese FDA in April 2016 but is expected to refile the application.

Butinoline (also known as azulone) was used as an antispasmodic drug to treat gastritis.

Enazadrem (CP-70490-09) is an antipsoriatic agent inhibiting arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

Octriptyline was used as an antidepressant, however, it has never been marketed.

Clofilium is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts as potassium channel blocker. Clofilium is a class III agent. Clofilium increases atrial and ventricular effective refractory period without changing conduction time and, despite no apparent change in premature ventricular complex frequency, it can abolish the ability to induce ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation and is also well tolerated.

Triamcinolone acetonide- 21-dihydrogen phosphate is the long-acting derivative of a synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone. Triamcinolone acetonide has eight times more potency than prednisolone. Triamcinolone acetonide- 21-dihydrogen phosphate used for intravenous injection. It is supposed to be hydrolyzed rapidly in the body to form the free corticoid alcohol.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a crystalline organophosphate insecticide. It was introduced in 1965 by Dow Chemical Company and is known by many trade names (see table), including Dursban and Lorsban. It acts on the nervous system of insects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate, with potential for both acute toxicity at larger amounts and neurological effects in fetuses and children even at very small amounts. For acute effects, the EPA classifies chlorpyrifos as Class II: moderately toxic. CPF is a strongly genotoxic agent that induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis.