U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 621 - 630 of 2263 results

Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
MAPROTILINE HYDROCHLORIDE by WATSON LABS
(1988)
Source URL:
First approved in 1980

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant with similar pharmacological properties to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Similar to TCAs, maprotiline inhibits neuronal norepinephrine reuptake, possesses some anticholinergic activity, and does not affect monoamine oxidase activity. It differs from TCAs in that it does not appear to block serotonin reuptake. Maprotiline may be used to treat depressive affective disorders, including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis) and major depressive disorder. Maprotiline is effective at reducing symptoms of anxiety associated with depression. The mechanism of action of maprotiline is not precisely known. It does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system and is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The postulated mechanism of maprotiline is that it acts primarily by potentiation of central adrenergic synapses by blocking reuptake of norepinephrine at nerve endings. This pharmacologic action is thought to be responsible for the drug’s antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. The mean time to peak is 12 hours. The half-life of elimination averages 51 hours.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
BRETYLIUM TOSYLATE by INTL MEDICATION
(1986)
Source URL:
First approved in 1978

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Bretylium (bretylium tosylate) is an antifibrillatory and antiarrhythmic agent. Bretylium is abromobenzyl quaternary ammonium compound which selectively accumulates in sympathetic ganglia and their postganglionic adrenergic neurons where it inhibits norepinephrine release by depressing adrenergic nerve terminal excitability. The drug has a direct positive inotropic effect on the myocardium and blocking effect on postganglionic sympathetic nerve transmission. The drug is poorly absorbed orally, requiring either i.m. or i.v. administration.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1977

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Probucol is used to lower levels of cholesterol (a fat-like substance) in the blood. Probucol is a drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. This may help prevent medical problems caused by cholesterol clogging the blood vessels. Probucol was voluntarily removed from the market in the United States during 1995. The withdrawal from the market was due to safety concern. robucol lowers serum cholesterol by increasing the fractional rate of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism in the final metabolic pathway for cholesterol elimination from the body. Additionally, probucol may inhibit early stages of cholesterol biosynthesis and slightly inhibit dietary cholesterol absorption. Recent information suggests that probucol may inhibit the oxidation and tissue deposition of LDL cholesterol, thereby inhibiting atherogenesis. It appears to inhibits ABCA1-mediated cellular lipid efflux.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1970

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)



Mesoridazine (brand name Serentil) is a phenothiazine antipsychotic. It was marketed in the U.S. for the treatment of schizophrenia, behavioral problems in mental deficiency and chronic brain syndrome, alcoholism and psychoneurotic symptoms, such as anxiety and tension. Due to the risk of serious cardiac events the indicated use of Serentil was limited to severely ill schizophrenic patients who fail other therapies. Based upon animal studies, mesoridazine acts indirectly on reticular formation, whereby neuronal activity into reticular formation is reduced without affecting its intrinsic ability to activate the cerebral cortex. Mesoridazine shows a moderate adrenergic blocking activity in vitro and in vivo and antagonizes 5-hydroxytryptamine in vivo.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1966

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Levomepromazine (also known as methotrimeprazine) is a phenothiazine neuroleptic drug. It is sold in many countries under the generic name (levomepromazine) or under brand names such as Nozinan, Detenler and many more. Levomepromazine is an antipsychotic drug is commonly used as an antiemetic to alleviate nausea and vomiting in palliative care settings particularly in terminal illness. Levomepromazine is a phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both chlorpromazine and promethazine. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with central nervous system effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. Levomepromazine's antipsychotic effect is largely due to its antagonism of dopamine receptors in the brain. In addition, it can block 5HT2 receptors and some others, like histamine, serotonin.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1964

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Ethylestrenol (INN, USAN, BAN) (brand names Maxibolin, Orabolin), or ethylnandrol (JAN), also known as 17α-ethyl ester-4-en-17β-ol or as 3-deketo-17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) with some progestogenic activity, and low androgenic activity. It is a 17α-ethylated derivative of nandrolone and lacks the 3-keto group. It was described in the literature in 1959 and approved in 1964 for testosterone deficiency in male patients.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Photoplex by Herbert
(1988)
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)


Padimate O is an organic compound related to the water-soluble compound PABA (4-aminobenzoic acid) that is used as an ingredient in some sunscreens. this chemical releases free radicals, damages DNA, has estrogenic activity, and causes allergic reactions in some people. Maximum FDA-approved concentration - 8%. Range of protection - UVB.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
FLORINEF by SQUIBB
(1962)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1961

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Tyrosine (L-form) is a non-essential amino acid, which is primarily required for the protein synthesis. This amino acid is the precursor of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine; therefore the lower concentration of tyrosine could be a peripheral marker of the hyperdopaminergic condition hypothesized to explain psychosis. Tyrosine supplements can improve cognition, increase energy, reduce anxiety, reduce depression, reduce levels of pain.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Forhistal Maleate by Ciba
(1960)
Source URL:
First approved in 1960
Source:
Forhistal Maleate by Ciba
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)



Dimetindene (trade name Fenistil; other name dimethindene maleate) is a potent antipruritic antihistamine, characterized by the small size of its effective dose and its rapidity of action. Dimetindene is an antihistamine/anticholinergic that is a selective H1 antagonist. Its effect sets in after 20 to 60 minutes and lasts several hours. Dimetindene drops as well as Dimetindene syrup is particularly indicated in pediatric practice. Dimetindene is indicated as symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions: urticaria, allergies of the upper respiratory tract such as hay fever and perennial rhinitis, food, and drug allergies; pruritus of various origins, except pruritus due to cholestasis; insect bites. Dimetindene is also indicated for pruritus in eruptive skin diseases such as chicken-pox. Dimetindene can be as an adjuvant in eczema and other pruriginous dermatoses of allergic origin.