Ripasudil (K-115) is a selective Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. This compound, which was originally discovered by D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork, thereby increasing conventional outflow through the Schlemm's canal. As a result of this mechanism of action, ripasudil may offer additive effects in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension when used in combination with agents such as prostaglandin analogues (which increase uveoscleral outflow) and β blockers (which reduce aqueous production). GLANATEC® (Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate) ophthalmic solution 0.4% is launched in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Talinolol (brand name Cordanurn) is the cardioselective beta-receptor antagonist which has been used for a long time in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases and in tachyarrhythmia. The mean dosage is 10-20 mg intravenously administered over a period of 3-5 minutes, while the chronic oral dosage for this patient group amounts to 300mg/day. Cordanum eliminates the stimulating effect of catecholamines on the heart for physical and psychoemotional stress. The hypotensive effect is stabilized by the end of 2 weeks of course treatment. Reduces the frequency and severity of angina attacks; Contributes to the limitation of the heart attack zone and reduces the risk of arrhythmia in the presence of myocardial infarction, resulting in a decrease in mortality and the frequency of relapses. In average therapeutic doses, it has a less pronounced effect on the smooth muscles of the bronchi, myometrium, and peripheral arteries compared to non-selective beta-blockers. Talinolol is used in supraventricular (atrial fibrillation and flutter with high ventricular rate, paroxysmal supraventricular 1 tachycardia, sinus tachycardia) as well as ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Patients with an increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system related to sinus tachycardia, exercise-induced arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperthyroidism and coronary heart disease show a particularly positive reaction.

8-Hydroxyquinoline is is a heterocyclic phenol, exhibiting antiseptic, disinfectant and pesticide properties. It is used to prevent and treat vaginal bacterial infections, but the efficacy was not proven in clinical trial. 8-Hydroxyquinoline is used in over-the-counter remedies for diaper rash and oral health care. Its use for veterinary treatment of bacterial an skin infections is not approved by FDA. 8-Hydroxyquinoline acts by inhibition of RNA synthesis and DNA replication by chelating the dissociable cations Mn2 and Mg2 .

(S)-Mandelic acid (L-Mandelic acid) is an enantiomer of the aromatic alpha hydroxy acid that is used in the production of pharmaceuticals for its antibacterial activity and administered as an oral antibiotic or a treatment for urinary tract infections. Well-known ester drugs, such as cyclandelate and homatropine, are derived from L-mandelic acid. Because of its antibacterial properties, L-mandelic acid is an alternative to α-hydroxy acids in skin care products. Among the most popular ingredients in both skin care and anti-aging products, L-mandelic acid now represents a multi-billion dollar industry.

Benzbromarone (INN) is a uricosuric agent and non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout, especially when the first line treatment, allopurinol, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects. It is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. Benzbromarone was introduced in the 1970s and was viewed as having few associated serious adverse reactions. It was registered in about 20 countries throughout Asia, South America and Europe. In 2003, the drug was withdrawn by Sanofi-Synthélabo, after reports of serious hepatotoxicity, although it is still marketed in several countries by other drug companies. The withdrawal has greatly limited its availability around the world and increased difficulty in accessing it in other countries where it has never been available. Standard dosages of benzbromarone (100 mg/day) tend to produce greater hypouricaemic effects than standard doses of allopourinol (300 mg/day) or probenecid (1000 mg/day). Adverse effects associated with benzbromarone are relatively infrequent but potentially severe. Four cases of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity were identified from primary literature, and eleven cases have been reported by Sanofi-Synthélabo but details are not available in the public domain. Only one of the four publicly published cases demonstrated a clear relationship between the drug and liver injury as demonstrated by rechallenge. The other three cases lacked incontrovertible evidence to support a diagnosis of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity. If all the reported cases are assumed to be due to benzbromarone, the estimated risk of hepatotoxicity in Europe was approximately 1 in 17 000 patients but may be higher in Japan. Benzbromarone is a very potent inhibitor of CYP2C9. The mechanism of benzbromarone hepatotoxicity is believed to be due to its hepatic metabolism by CYP2C9 and possible effects of the parent compound or its metabolites on mitochondrial function. Benzbromarone is a benzofuran and shares structural similarities with benzarone and amiodarone, all three of which affect mitochondrial function.

Ebastine is an antihistamine which blocks H1-receptors through its carboxylic acid metabolite. Ebastine is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Pyriproxyfen is a broad-spectrum insect growth regulator with insecticidal activity against public health insect pests: houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches. In agriculture and horticulture, pyriproxyfen has registered uses for the control of scale, whitefly, bollworm, jassids, aphids and cutworms. Pyriproxyfen is used on citrus fruit in Israel, South Africa, Spain and Italy. Pyriproxyfen is one of several insecticides used for the control of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in California, USA. Pyriproxyfen has also been considered by WHO for vector control under its Pesticides Evaluation Scheme. It is a potent suppressor of embryogenesis and adult formation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Dipping of cotton or tomato seedlings infested with 0 to 1-day-old eggs in 0.1 mg litre−1 resulted in over 90% suppression of egg hatch of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Pyriproxyfen is registered in the U.S. for flea and tick control in the home and on pets, as well as indoor and outdoor ant and roach control. Formulas include carpet powders, foggers, aerosols, shampoos, bait, and pet collars.

Piflufolastat F 18 (PYLARIFY®) is an 18F-labelled diagnostic imaging agent that has been developed by Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc., a Lantheus company, for positron emission tomography (PET) that targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Piflufolastat F 18 binds to cells that express PSMA, including malignant prostate cancer cells, which usually overexpress PSMA. Fluorine-18 (F 18) is a β emitting radionuclide that enables positron emission tomography. Piflufolastat F 18 was approved in the USA on 27 May 2021 for PET of PSMA positive lesions in men with prostate cancer with suspected metastasis who are candidates for initial definitive therapy or with suspected recurrence based on elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level.

Propoxur (Baygon) is a carbamate insecticide that has recently attracted considerable attention as a possible treatment option for addressing the bedbug epidemic. Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide with a fast knockdown and long residual effect used against the turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas. The generally accepted mechanism of toxicity for propoxur involves the inhibition of cholinesterase. Propoxur is also used in pest control for other domestic animals, Anopheles mosquitoes, ants, gypsy moths, and other agricultural pests. It can also be used as a molluscicide. Several U.S. states have petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to use propoxur against bedbug infestations, but the EPA has been reluctant to approve indoor use because of its potential toxicity to children after chronic exposure.

Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine. dihydromorphine is a moderately strong analgesic and is used clinically in the treatment of pain and is also the active metabolite of dihydrocodeine. Dihydromorphine acts as an agonist at the μ-opioid (mu), δ-opioid (delta) and κ-opioid (kappa) receptors. Dihydromorphone is approved for clinical use in the United States, Europe, and Japan; and sold under the brand name Dilaudid. Similar to morphine, and other morphine derivatives, hydromorphone has a high potential for addiction and abuse and is listed as a Schedule II drug in the United States Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (and similarly regulated in other countries).