PROPOXUR

Possibly Marketed Outside US

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C11H15NO3
Molecular Weight	209.2417
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)C

InChI

InChIKey=ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C11H15NO3/c1-8(2)14-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)15-11(13)12-3/h4-8H,1-3H3,(H,12,13)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C11H15NO3
Molecular Weight	209.2417
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22488607

Propoxur (Baygon) is a carbamate insecticide that has recently attracted considerable attention as a possible treatment option for addressing the bedbug epidemic. Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide with a fast knockdown and long residual effect used against the turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas. The generally accepted mechanism of toxicity for propoxur involves the inhibition of cholinesterase. Propoxur is also used in pest control for other domestic animals, Anopheles mosquitoes, ants, gypsy moths, and other agricultural pests. It can also be used as a molluscicide. Several U.S. states have petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to use propoxur against bedbug infestations, but the EPA has been reluctant to approve indoor use because of its potential toxicity to children after chronic exposure.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Acetylcholinesterase 209 Target ID: CHEMBL2046266 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386602	Inhibitor 8504		43.6 nM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Parasitic infectious disease 4 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386602	Curative		Approved 8583	Baygon Approved Use Unknown

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 2252	inhibitor 2438	inhibitor 2507	inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OATP1B3 961 OATP1B1 1079 CYP1A2 2153 P-gp 1741 CYP19A1 429 CYP2C19 2057

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 10.0	inconclusive [IC50 79.6407 uM]
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 10.0	inconclusive [IC50 89.3584 uM]
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 7.0	no [IC50 35.5742 uM]
CYP19A1 430	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 180.0	no
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 243.0	no
P-gp 1932	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8917702/	no
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 7.0	yes [IC50 35.5742 uM]
OATP1B1 1095	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwxNjk3NjY4IiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDQ0NjA2MCJ9fQ==	yes [Inhibition 10 uM]
OATP1B3 970	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwxNzQzMTIxIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDQ0NjA2MCJ9fQ==	yes [Inhibition 10 uM]
P-gp 1932	supressor 160 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25369005/	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4944#section=Biological-Test-Results Page: 242.0

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in human leukocyte and urine according to exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and paraoxonase 1 genotype.	2007-01	16915393
Prediction of estrogen receptor agonists and characterization of associated molecular descriptors by statistical learning methods.	2006-11	16497524
Effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in model ecosystem and field studies: a review and comparison with laboratory toxicity data.	2006-09	16986805
Effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in laboratory studies: a review and analysis using species sensitivity distributions.	2006-09	16986804
Pesticide exposure of non-occupationally exposed subjects compared to some occupational exposure: a French pilot study.	2006-07-31	16181660
Maternal hair--an appropriate matrix for detecting maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy.	2006-07	16584725
Synergism between insecticides permethrin and propoxur occurs through activation of presynaptic muscarinic negative feedback of acetylcholine release in the insect central nervous system.	2006-07	16516970
Stability study of propoxur (Baygon) in whole blood and urine stored at varying temperature conditions.	2006-06	16839467
Interactions of skin thickness and physicochemical properties of test compounds in percutaneous penetration studies.	2006-05	16435152
Protective effect of melatonin against propoxur-induced oxidative stress and suppression of humoral immune response in rats.	2006-04	16629374
Determination of pesticides in soy-based infant formula using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.	2006-03-04	16512251
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mozambique.	2006-03	16619610
Differential responses of eight cyanobacterial and green algal species, to carbamate insecticides.	2006-02	16677910
High Wolbachia density correlates with cost of infection for insecticide resistant Culex pipiens mosquitoes.	2006-02	16610322
Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan province, southern Iran, 2002.	2006-02	16329986
Resistance development and insecticide susceptibility in Culex quinquefasciatus against selection pressure of malathion and permethrin and its relationship to cross-resistance towards propoxur.	2005-12	16883275
Behaviour of carbamate pesticides in gas chromatography and their determination with solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction as preconcentration steps.	2005-11	16318209
Vapor phase toxicity of marjoram oil compounds and their related monoterpenoids to Blattella germanica (Orthoptera: Blattellidae).	2005-10-05	16190647
Simple liquid chromatographic method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of propoxur and its major metabolite isopropoxy phenol in rat blood and urine using solid-phase extraction.	2005-10	16419409
[Study on fluorescence analysis for carbamate pesticides].	2005-10	16395904
Lessons learned for the assessment of children's pesticide exposure: critical sampling and analytical issues for future studies.	2005-10	16203262
Effects of single and repeated exposure to biocidal active substances on the barrier function of the skin in vitro.	2005-10	16099566
Efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid and propoxur aerosol in the control of German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae) in cookhouses.	2005-09	16294810
Changes in the central nervous activity of rats treated with dimethoate in combination with other neurotoxicants in different phases of ontogenesis.	2005-09	16180611
Biomarkers in assessing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy and effects on fetal growth.	2005-08-07	15967215
Detection of prenatal exposure to several classes of environmental toxicants and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in maternal and umbilical cord blood.	2005-08-05	15998603
Improving the quantification of highly overlapping chromatographic peaks by using product unit neural networks modeled by an evolutionary algorithm.	2005-07-28	16045283
Modeling the influence of intermittent rain events on long-term fate and transport of organic air pollutants.	2005-06-15	16047788
Combination of a non-pyrethroid insecticide and a repellent: a new approach for controlling knockdown-resistant mosquitoes.	2005-06	15964959
[Status of resistance to insecticides in field strains of the Blatella germanica species (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Pinar del Río municipality].	2005-04-27	15849926
[Status of resistance to insecticides and resistance mechanisms in larvae from Playa municipality collected during the intensive campaign against Aedes aegypti in Havana City, 2001-2002].	2005-04-27	15849911
[Resistance to insecticides in larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti, Havana City: prevalence of A4 esterasa associated with resistance to temephos].	2005-04-27	15849910
Bed bug infestations in an urban environment.	2005-04	15829190
Effects of pesticides on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro: induction of DNA damage.	2005-03	15798889
Determination of pesticides in apple-based infant foods using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.	2005-02-09	15686398
Insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) from hospitals and households in Taiwan.	2005-02	16025812
Liquid chromatographic determination of nine N-methylcarbamates in drinking water.	2005-01	15470700
Stimulus frequency dependence of the central and peripheral somatosensory evoked activity in rats treated with various pesticides.	2005	16196196
Sensitive determination of propoxur by spectrophotometry using 3-aminopyridine.	2004-12	15636520
Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits.	2004-12	15579415
High-performance liquid chromatography multiresidue method for the determination of N-methyl carbamates in fruit and vegetable juices.	2004-11	15553643
Heuristic extraction of rules in pruned artificial neural networks models used for quantifying highly overlapping chromatographic peaks.	2004-09-28	15446815
Study on susceptibility status in aquatic and adult stages of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus against insecticides at international airports of south India.	2004-09	16509254
Insecticide resistance in Alabama and Florida mosquito strains of Aedes albopictus.	2004-09	15535626
Insecticide resistance: a silent base prediction.	2004-07-27	15268871
Evolution of resistance under insecticide selection pressure in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) from Martinique.	2004-07	15311466
Prenatal insecticide exposures and birth weight and length among an urban minority cohort.	2004-07	15238288
Insecticide susceptibility level of Anopheles arabiensis in two agrodevelopment localities in eastern Ethiopia.	2003-03	15270536
[Plague control in Madagascar: evaluation of the efficacy of Kartman baitboxes in urban areas].	2003	15678815
A single gene (yes) controls pigmentation of eyes and scales in Heliothis virescens.	2001	15455061

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Ld50 (rats)=1440 mg/m^3/1h

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

6TG-S V79 cells were exposed to test chemicals (Propoxur and N-nitroso Propoxur) with a one-fifth log range of concentrations for 2 h, and then incubated with drug-free media containing 59-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 10 µM) (Sigma, St Louis, MO) for another 24 h in the dark. At the end of the incubation, cultures were checked for cytotoxicity using the criteria of Galloway et al. and harvested for metaphase by shake-off and air-dry methods. The sister chromatids of chromosomes were differentially stained by the fluorescence Giemsa technique

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:26:51 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 21:26:51 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	BFH029TL73
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

2-(1-METHYLETHOXY)PHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE

Preferred Name

English

PROPOXUR

Common Name

English

2-ISOPROPOXYPHENYL METHYLCARBAMATE

Systematic Name

English

PROPOXUR [JAN]

Common Name

English

NSC-379584

Code

English

PROPOXUR [HSDB]

Common Name

English

PROPOXUR [MI]

Common Name

English

PROPOXUR [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C47792