Esculetin (aka Aesculetin) is a derivative of coumarin. It is a naturally occurring lactone which is present in chicory and in many toxic medicinal plants; often found in a glycosidic form or conjugated to caffeic acids. It is used as an ingredient in some sunscreens, but there is evidence that it acts as a photosensitizer for DNA damage. Esculetin has been investigated in a number of cellular and animal cancer models, and for other conditions such as dry eyes.

11-NOR-9-CARBOXY-DELTA9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (THC-COOH) is the main the non-psychoactive metabolite of Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. Being most abundant in bodily fluids, it has become an established marker of cannabis consumption in forensic, clinical and environmental analyses. Among the cannabinoids tested as potential inhibitors of the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is responsible for the multidrug-resistance of a tumour and normal cells, THC-COOH behaved as a substrate and was the most active in stimulating Pgp-dependent ATPase. It displayed analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties apparently by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activities. THC-COOH was not an anxiolytic or anxiogenic drug but abolished the anxiogenic behavioral effect of Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol.

Misoprostol is an antineoplastic drug used to treat skin growths caused by sun exposure. Masoprocol is a novel antineoplastic agent was used for the treatment of actinic keratoses (precancerous skin growths that can become malignant if left untreated). Masoprocol was withdrawn from the U.S. market in June 1996. It is not known exactly how Masoprocol works. Studies have shown that masoprocol is a potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and has antiproliferative activity against keratinocytes in tissue culture, but the relationship between this activity and its effectiveness in actinic keratoses is unknown. Masoprocol also inhibits prostaglandins but the significance of this action is not yet known. Symptoms of overdose or allergic reaction include bluish coloration of skin, dizziness, severe, or feeling faint, wheezing or trouble in breathing.

BENOXAPROFEN is an anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the treatment of arthritis. It was marketed under the brand name ORAFLEX® in the US and as OPREN® in Europe by Eli Lilly and Company. In 1982 Eli Lilly voluntarily withdrew BENOXAPROFEN from the market due to postmarketing reports of severe liver toxicity in patients who took it.

Hexylresorcinol is an organic compound with local anaesthetic, antiseptic and anthelmintic properties. It is available for use topically on small skin infections, or as an ingredient in throat lozenges. Hexylresorcinol may be used as a cosmetic biocide. Hexylresorcinol was introduced by Leonard as a urinary antiseptic with great possibilities. Used in alkaline solution it promised success in experiments in vitro. Boots Hexylresorcinol 2.4mg Throat Lozenges, marketed in UK, are used to relieve sore throat pain. Hexylresorcinol has being shown to be useful for the topical treatment of hyperpigmentation.

Rosmarinic acid (α-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid; RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound commonly found in species of the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae, such as Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Perilla frutescens. RA is biosynthesized from the amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine by eight enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. Recently, RA and its derivatives have attracted interest for their biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial functions. Clinically, RA attenuates T cell receptor-mediated signaling, attenuates allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and asthma, and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, protects from neurotoxicity, and slows the development of Alzheimer's disease. Rosmarinic Acid seems to be able to suppress 5-lipoxygenase and 5-HETE synthesis (a pro-inflammatory compound in the omega-6 metabolic chain). Rosmarinic acid appeared to be effective in suppressing allergies in a dose-dependent manner, with 30% of the placebo group reporting symptom relief compared to 55.6% of the 50mg group and 70% of the 200mg group.

Ambrettolide itself naturally occurs in the seed oil of Abelmoschus moschatus and is a valuable perfume base because of its desirable odor. Ambrettolide have been isolated from the bulbs of Zephyranthes candida also. It has an elegant and tingling top note musk; harmonizes well with floral heart notes; reflects aspects of ambrette seed oil. Different parts of the Abelmoschus moschatus have uses in Ayurveda herbal medicine. Ambrettolide presents in the FDA list of synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants, which might be safely used in food.