C-1311 is an imidazoacridinone analog. It is a next-generation investigational anticancer drug. It is an antitumor inhibitor of topoisomerase II and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor. It was evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials for the treatment of various types of tumors. Mild treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Serious adverse event is neutropenia.

3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is a chromogenic substrate for horseradish peroxidase. TMB is converted to a blue colored diimine, which can be registered on a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 650 nM. TMB is commonly used in techniques such as ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Aristolochic acid (AA-I), a naturally occurring nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acid, commonly found in the plant family Aristolochiaceae, that are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Aristolochic acid exhibits nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic activities and can cause aristolochic acid nephropathy, and urothelial malignancies. The FDA has issued a strong warning to consumers to avoid herbs containing the chemical aristolochic acid. The mechanisms underlying AA-I toxicity in the kidneys are poorly understood. However, was found a protein α-actinin-4 that is inhibited by AA-I, resulting in kidney disease.

β-phenylethylamine (2-phenylethylamine) is a small amine containing alkaloid synonymous with phenethylamine and the acronym PEA; in the human body it has a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter role and is known as a trace amine due to its low quantity relative to other bioactive amino acids. PEA was characterized as a substrate for type B monoamine oxidase. PEA functions by activating trace amine receptors (including TAAR1 and TAAR2) thereby regulating monoamine turnover. Ring-substituted phenethylamines, commonly known as 2Cs, are designer drugs that are emerging as new drugs of abuse. PEA administration may be therapeutic in selected depressed patients.

Glyceryl 1-linoleate is used in the synthesis of controlled release systems for drug delivery. Also in the preparation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability. Glyceryl 1-linoleate is a substrate for the soybean lipoxygenase. It is the main ingredient of the herbal extract obtained from Astragalus membranaceus. It was tested to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Glyceryl 1-linoleate didn’t prevent tibia and lumbar bone loss in animals.

1,2-didecanoylglycerol (also known as glyceryl 1,2-dicaprate or 1,2-dicaprin), a synthetic diacylglycerol, is the substrate for human pancreatic lipase. It activates protein kinase C in platelets and enhances anterior pituitary hormone secretion in vitro.