There is a little informartion about Glycyl-l-leucine, it is known, that this dipeptide is a substrate for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase.

2'-CH3-MPTP is an extremely potent dopaminergic neurotoxin, which lead to large decrements in the neostriatal concent of DA and a large loss in the capacity of a neostriatal synaptosomal preparations to take up [3H]DA. 2'CH3-MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, was attenuated by pretreatment of mice with dopamine uptake inhibitor, and non-specific MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitor, but not by a specific MAO-B inhibitor. The mechanism of toxicity is formation of a metabolite 2'CH3-MPP+, which is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration.

Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid derived from the seeds of the Crotalaria spectabilis plant. Monocrotaline is activated to the reactive pyrrole metabolite dehydromonocrotaline in the liver, a reaction that is highly dependent on cytochrome P-450 (CYP3A4). Monocrotaline induces a syndrome characterized, among other manifestations, by pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary mononuclear vasculitis (acute necrotizing pulmonary arteritis in about one-third of the animals), and right ventricular hypertrophy. Monocrotaline is widely used to model pulmonary arterial hypertension in rodents. Monocrotaline aggregates on and activates the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to trigger endothelial damage and, ultimately, induces pulmonary hypertension.

3-Bromo-1-propanol is an organic compound used in the synthesis of fluorescent halide-sensitive quinolinium dyes and molten salt-polymers. It was used in the synthesis of chiral, quaternary prolines via cyclization of quaternary amino acids. 3-Bromo-1-propanol was used to label surface-accessible tryptophan residues.

Biocytin is a biotin-lysine complex of low molecular weight containing about 65% biotin, which retains a high affinity for avidin. Biocytin is also used in scientific research as a histological stain for nerve cells. Biocytin is a versatile marker used in anterograde, retrograde and intracellular neuroanatomical investigations and in biotinidase assays. Biocytin displays high solubility in aqueous solutions and has a low molecular weight facilitating injection using micropipettes. Biocytin can be incorporated with a variety of avidin and streptavidin conjugates for detection by light, fluorescence or electron microscope. In vitro injection of biocytin into explanted brain hemispheres provides a quick and easy method for tract tracing in developing brains. Biocytin can be used to measure the biotinidase activity and therefore diagnose biotinidase deficiency.

Cholesterol sulfate is quantitatively the most important known sterol sulfate in human plasma, where it is present in a concentration that overlaps that of the other abundant circulating steroid sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate. Cholesterol sulfate is generated in the normal epidermis by cholesterol sulfotransferase but then is desulfated in the outer epidermis as part of a 'cholesterol sulfate cycle' that is a powerful regulator of epidermal metabolism and barrier function. It accumulates in the epidermis in the human genetic disorder X-linked ichthyosis. In XLI, cholesterol sulfate levels exceed 10% of total lipid mass (≈1% of total weight). Cholesterol sulfate is a component of cell membranes where it has a stabilizing role, e.g., protecting erythrocytes from osmotic lysis and regulating sperm capacitation. It is present in platelet membranes where it supports platelet adhesion. Cholesterol sulfate can regulate the activity of serine proteases, e.g., those involved in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, and epidermal cell adhesion. Because of its ability to regulate the activity of selective protein kinase C isoforms and modulate the specificity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, cholesterol sulfate is involved in signal transduction.

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside (X-GAL) is a chromogenic substrate for β-Galactosidase that forms an intense blue precipitate. X-gal staining is a rapid and convenient histochemical technique used to detect reporter gene expression. It can be used in molecular biology to detect the gal gene product, and also in microbiology where it is used to detect microorganisms which have β-Galactosidase activity (usually coliforms).