Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-histidine and l-alanine. It is widely present in muscle and brain tissues. It possesses strong and specific antioxidant properties, protects against radiation damage, and promotes wound healing. The antioxidant mechanism of carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, ROS and free radicals scavenging ability. In addition, was shown, that carnosine significantly protects against TCA-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats, through its antioxidant, antinutritive, and anti-inflammatory effects, and induction of apoptosis. It also may be a therapeutic agent against Parkinson's disease. Experiments on animal have shown the sepsis healing therapeutic potential of carnosine.

Zilpaterol is an agonist of β2-adrenergic receptor. Zilpaterol exerts bronchospasmolytic action. Zilmax® (4.8% Zilpaterol hydrochloride) is used to increase rate of bodyweight gain, improve feed efficiency, and increase carcass leanness in cattle fed in confinement for a period of 20-40 consecutive days at the end of the feeding period before slaughter.

ERGO (Ergothioneine) is naturally occurring antioxidant derived from the diet and abundantly contained in golden oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. It is hydrophilic and membrane impermeable, but is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract due to the presence of a specific carrier‐mediated transport system, carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4, essential for the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Numerous in vitro assays have demonstrated the antioxidant and cytoprotective capabilities of ERGO against a wide range of cellular stressors, but an antioxidant role has yet to be fully verified in vivo. Nevertheless, the accumulation, tissue distribution, and scavenging properties, all highlight the potential for EGT to function as a physiological antioxidant. Because ERGO is highly distributed into the brain after oral ingestion, OCTN1 may contribute to the alleviation of oxidative stress and promotion of neuronal differentiation via the uptake of ERGO in the brain, perhaps abating symptoms of neurological disorders.

Medronic acid (conjugate base, medronate) is a diagnostic agent that is used in complex with technetium Tc-99m for imaging delineate areas of altered osteogenesis. Upon administration the complex binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was the first synthetic herbicide to be commercially developed and has commonly been used as a broadleaf herbicide for over 60 years. It is a selective herbicide that kills dicots without affecting monocots and mimics natural auxin at the molecular level. 2,4-D was developed during World War II as one of many so-called phenoxy herbicides by aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war. It was commercially released in 1946 becoming the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize, rice, and other similar cereal crops because it specifically targets dicots. This herbicide family is said to have “initiated an agricultural revolution and laid the corner stone of present-day weed science” when it was first marketed in the 1940s.

Orbifloxacin (brand name Orbax) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is approved for use in dogs and cats, abd marketed by Schering-Plough Animal Health. Orbifloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent from the class of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives. Orbifloxacin is the international nonproprietary name for 1-cyclopropyl-5,6,8-trifluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. ORBAX® Oral Suspension is a malt flavored antibiotic suspension containing 30 mg/mL of orbifloxacin and sorbic acid as a preservative. ORBAX® Oral Suspension is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections (cystitis) and also for skin and soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses). Orbifloxacin is bactericidal against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and exerts its antibacterial effect through interference with the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase which is needed for the maintenance and synthesis of bacterial DNA.

SODIUM ANISATE is derived from fennel, this is the sodium salt of p-anisic acid. It is classified as antimicrobial and flavouring. It acts as an anti-fungal agent, and when paired with sodium levulinate the two ingredients make for a comprehensive preservative for cosmetics. This ingredient is approved for use in organic cosmetics. Sodium anisate (dermosoft® anisate) is an easy to use water soluble salt of an organic acid with an excellent fungicidal activity. It can be added to the cold or hot water phase at any step of the process. The combination with antimicrobial surface active substances or organic acids is recommended to improve the performance of the product even at higher pH.

Aspartame (l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester) known to the public as NutraSweet has been the subject of controversy since it first became an ingredient in food products. The perceived sweetness of aspartame in humans is due to its binding of the heterodimer G-protein coupled receptor formed by the proteins TAS1R2 and TAS1R3. Aspartame was used in experiments on animals to study its role in delays of osteoarthritis. It was shown, that aspartame improved bone cortical density and muscle mass, and might contribute to a better quality of life for these diseased animals. In addition, was investigated the effect in patients with sickle cell anemia. It was revealed, that oral administration of aspartame lead inhibition of sickle cells. That effect was explained by binding aspartame with two human Bence Jones proteins: Mcg and Sea. Thus was suggested, that aspartame could interfere with sickle hemoglobin fibril formation. Then several studies showed that aspartame had no effect on the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, the principal constituent of refined palm oil, present in the diet and synthesized endogenously. Palmitic acid is able to activate the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40. Palmitic acid was also a weak ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Palmitic acid is a ligand of lipid chaperones - the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Dietary palm oil and palmitic acid may play a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Thiostrepton is a natural antibiotic produced by bacteria of Streptomyces genus. Thiostrepton has been used in veterinary medicine in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders. It is mostly used in complex ointments containing neomycin, nystatin, Thiostrepton and topical steroids. It is also active against gram-positive bacteria. It is notable that ointments for human usage contain neomycin, nystatin, and topical steroids, but no Thiostrepton. It can induce apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells. Thiostrepton was reported (in 2008) to exhibit activity against breast cancer cells through targeting the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). It has also been shown to circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells under in invitro conditions. Thiostrepton is used in molecular biology as a reagent for both positive and negative selection of genes involved in nucleotide metabolism. It is protein synthesis inhibitor.