AM580 is a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) with IC50 and EC50 values of 8 nM and 0.36 nM, respectively. AM580 has been shown to induce differentiation in leukemic cell lines and inhibit angiogenesis in chick embryos. AM580 exhibited anti-angiogenic activity in vivo. Treatment involving AM580 might have potential therapeutic efficacy in various angiogenesis-dependent disorders, including solid tumors, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic retinopathy.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a well-known mycotoxin present in numerous agricultural products. Humans and animals are therefore at a risk of exposure to zearalenone through consumption of contaminated food. After intake, ZEN is reduced to α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL and β-ZEL), zearalanone (ZAN), and α- and β-zearalanol (α-ZAL and β-ZAL). Zearalenone and its metabolites, including Alpha-zearalenol are full agonists for hERα and possess hAR-mediated antagonistic activity in PALM cells. Zearalenone and its derivatives have been shown to be carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and hepatonephrotoxic.

Bufotenine is a hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog and toad skins, mushrooms, plants and some mammals (especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics). It

2-chloroadenosine is a non-metabolizable adenosine receptors agonist. 2-chloroadenosine not only acts as an anticonvulsant against electrically induced kindled seizures, and against audiogenic seizures, electroshock and a variety of chemical convulsants, it prevents the development of the epileptic state by kindling-stimulation, i.e., it is antiepileptogenic. 2-chloroadenosine readily produce gastric erosions and ulcers in the rat. 2-Chloroadenosine produces pancreatitis, unique in that the lesions are mainly segmental in type. 2-chloroadenosine is known to be hypotensive substance.

Flavonol (3-Hydroxyflavone) is a practically insole synthetic compound, which is not found naturally in plants. 3-hydroxyflavone can be found in a number of food items such as brassicas, pomegranate, red raspberry, and fenugreek, which makes 3-hydroxyflavone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Flavonol serves as a model molecule as it possesses an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect to serve as a fluorescent probe to study membranes for example or intermembrane proteins.

Morphinone is an oxidation product of morphine with weak agonistic activity toward mu opioid receptor. Morphinone is the intermediate when morphine is being converted to hydromorphone. Morphinone is toxic compound, subcutaneous administration of morphinone produced a reduction of hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl concentration. Glutathione or cysteine significantly decrease Morphinone toxicity.

2-Monopalmitin is a monoacylglycerol produced in eukaryotes by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols. 2-Monopalmitin may be endogenous ligands for GPR119 receptor