Norethynodrel is a steroidal progestin of the 19-nortestosterone group and an isomer of norethisterone. Norethynodrel is a progesteron agonist with very weak estrogenic activiry. Noretynodrel was introduced in 1957 in Enovid, a combination formulation of noretynodrel and mestranol, for the treatment of gynecological and menstrual disorders.A few years later, in May 1960, Enovid was also approved as the first oral contraceptive.

LEVAMFETAMINE the levorotatory form of amphetamine. L-amphetamine, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant known to increase wakefulness and concentration in association with decreased appetite and fatigue. Pharmaceuticals that contain levoamphetamine are currently indicated and prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, and narcolepsy in some countries. L-Amphetamine succinate was sold in Hungary between 1952 and 1955 under the brand name Cydril.

Propoxyphene is a centrally acting opiate analgesic. Propoxyphene is an odorless, freely soluble in water, white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. In vitro studies demonstrated propoxyphene and the metabolite norpropoxyphene inhibit sodium channels (local anesthetic effect) with norpropoxyphene being approximately 2 fold more potent than propoxyphene and propoxyphene approximately 10 fold more potent than lidocaine. Propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene inhibit the voltage-gated potassium current carried by cardiac rapidly activating delayed rectifier (hERG) channels with approximately equal potency. It is unclear if the effects on ion channels occur within therapeutic dose range. Propoxyphene is indicated for the relief of mild to moderate pain.

Mestranol is a biologically inactive prodrug of estrogen agonist ethinylestradiol. Enovid, a combination of mestranol and noretynodrel, was first oral contraceptive approved by FDA in 1960.

Dihydrocodeine is an opioid analgesic used as an alternative or adjunct to codeine to treat moderate to severe pain, severe dyspnea, and cough. It is semi-synthetic, and was developed in Germany in 1908 during an international search to find a more effective antitussive agent to help reduce the spread of airborne infectious diseases such as tuburculosis. It was marketed in 1911. Dihydrocodeine is metabolized to dihydromorphine -- a highly active metabolite with a high affinity for mu opioid receptors. Dihydrocodeine is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including post-operative and dental pain. It can also be used to treat chronic pain, breathlessness and coughing. In heroin addicts, dihydrocodeine has been used as a substitute drug, in doses up to 2500mg/day to treat addiction.

Hydrocortamate is a synthetic glucocorticoid possessing anti-inflammatory properties and acting as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Hydrocortamate was used under the brand name Magnacor to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses btut that usage has been discontinued.

Fluoxymesterone, sold under the brand names Halotestin and Ultandren among others, is a synthetic, orally active androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone developed by Pharmacia & Upjohn Company LLC, approved by FDA at 1956. Fluoxymesterone is used in the treatment of hypogonadism in males and breast cancer in women. Fluoxymesterone has a relatively high ratio of androgenic to anabolic activity similarly to testosterone. Like many 17α-alkylated AAS, it has a relatively low affinity for the androgen receptor (AR). However, its actions are mediated by the AR, most likely due to its relatively long elimination half-life of approximately 9.2 hours.

Pentoxyverine is a non-opioid antitussive used to prevent cough caused by common cold. It is used as an active ingredient of several oral over-the-counter cough suppressants alone or in combination with other medications, especially decongestants. Certuss is a combination of pentoxyverine and guaifenesin. Pentoxyverine is FDA pregnancy category C drug. Known as anticonvulsant, and spasmolytic agent.

Nylidrin (Buphenine, Arlidin) is a beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor. In peripheral vascular disorders, Arlidin (nylidrin HCl) increases walking ability and promotes healing of trophic ulcers. Nylidrin hydrochloride acts predominantly by beta-receptor stimulation. Beta stimulation with nylidrin has been demonstrated in a variety of isolated tissues from rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs. It has been shown to dilate arterioles in skeletal muscle and to increase cardiac output in the anesthetized dog and cat and in unanesthetized man. An increase in cerebral blood flow and a decrease in vascular resistance has also been reported. The result of this combination of actions is a greater blood supply to ischemic tissues, with usually minimal change in blood pressure. Arlidin may be of benefit in elderly patients with mild to moderate symptoms that are commonly associated with organic mental disorders. Short-term (3 months’ duration) and long-term (12 months’ duration) clinical studies have demonstrated a modest improvement in ability to perform general activities of daily living, self-care and in a capability for social interactions. The mechanism whereby nylidrin may provide relief of selected symptoms in some elderly patients with organic brain disorders is not known.