Nylidrin (Buphenine, Arlidin) is a beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor. In peripheral vascular disorders, Arlidin (nylidrin HCl) increases walking ability and promotes healing of trophic ulcers. Nylidrin hydrochloride acts predominantly by beta-receptor stimulation. Beta stimulation with nylidrin has been demonstrated in a variety of isolated tissues from rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs. It has been shown to dilate arterioles in skeletal muscle and to increase cardiac output in the anesthetized dog and cat and in unanesthetized man. An increase in cerebral blood flow and a decrease in vascular resistance has also been reported. The result of this combination of actions is a greater blood supply to ischemic tissues, with usually minimal change in blood pressure. Arlidin may be of benefit in elderly patients with mild to moderate symptoms that are commonly associated with organic mental disorders. Short-term (3 months’ duration) and long-term (12 months’ duration) clinical studies have demonstrated a modest improvement in ability to perform general activities of daily living, self-care and in a capability for social interactions. The mechanism whereby nylidrin may provide relief of selected symptoms in some elderly patients with organic brain disorders is not known.