Egualen is an azulene derivative developed for the treatment of peptic ulcer and marketed in Japan under the tradename Azuloxa. The drug exerts its antiulcer activity by antagonizing TXA2 production.

Pirenoxine is an anti-cataract agent which is used in many asian countries under the name Catalin. Although its efficacy is not proved scientifically, the drug may play an important role in cataract prevention. It is supposed that the anti-cataract effect of pirenoxine results from inhibition of sulfhydryl combination of quinoid substances with lens proteins and the inhibition leads to the maintenance of lens transparency.

Linsidomine (SIN-1, chemically 3-morpholinosydnonimin), is a vasodilator and antianginal drug. It is the direct hepatic metabolite of molsidomine. The dosage recommended by its manufacturer for its initial purpose, coronary angiography, is 0.4-1 mg. Contrary to molsidomine, which is widely used as an antianginal drug, linsidomine is used only for coronary angiography. The plasma half-life of Linsidomine is about 1 hour. Linsidomine is nonenzymatically metabolized to SIN-1A which spontaneously releases NO. NO, probably released directly from nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerves in the penis, is believed to cause smooth muscle relaxation by stimulating the soluble form of guanylate cyclase leading to an increase of intracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate (cGMP) with subsequent smooth muscle relaxation. Linsidomine also hyperpolarizes the cell membrane, making the smooth muscle less susceptible to adrenergic stimulation. NO further interacts with platelets when released intraluminally causing an increase in cGMP that decreases platelet aggregation and adhesion

Dimorpholamine is reported as an ingredient of Theraptique in Japan. Dimorpholamine stimulates the respiratory and circulatory centers to increase the respiratory volume and blood pressure. It is indicated for the respiratory and circulatory insufficiency due to shock, hypnotic intoxication. drowning, pneumonia, and high fever.

Nizofenone (Ekonal, Midafenone) is a neuroprotective drug which protects neurons from death following cerebral anoxia (interruption of oxygen supply to the brain). It might thus be useful in the treatment of acute neurological conditions such as stroke. Nizofenone ameliorates various pathophysiologic events during ischemia, such as ATP depletion, lactate accumulation, glutamate release, free fatty acid liberation, edema, and neuronal degeneration; in particular, ischemia-induced excessive glutamate release has been completely blocked by this drug. This drug has also radical-scavenging action, comparable to vitamin E, and inhibits oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation. The potent cerebroprotective effect of nizofenone has been demonstrated in various experimental models of cerebral hypoxia, ischemia (focal and global), ischemia-reperfusion, and infarction. The clinical efficacy of nizofenone has been proved by pioneering double-blind studies in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Nizofenone is clinically used for preventing the delayed ischemic neurologic deficits due to late vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Orazamide, which is composed of one molecule of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICA), one molecule of orotic acid and two molecules of water, is used clinically for the treatment of hepatitis and cirrhosis The nucleoside of AICA (AICAR) is internalized and becomes phosphorylated by adenosine kinase to form AICAR mono-phosphate (AICA ribotide, ZMP), an intermediate in the late steps of de novo purine biosynthesis. In hepatocytes, AICA can inhibit the fatty acid synthesis, sterol synthesis, and gluconeogenesis.

Dembrexine is a mucolytic agent which reduces the viscosity of respiratory mucus. It improves movement of mucus in small airways. Dembrexine increases secretion of the serous cells in the glands of the nasal, tracheal and bronchial cells and in type II alveolar cells. It also possesses an anti-tussive effect. Dembrexine is used in the treatment of respiratory disease in horses. All respiratory infections with increased secretions. Acute, sub-acute bronchitis. Chronic respiratory disease. Infection of the upper airways.

Cridanimod (Virexxa) is a small-molecule immunomodulator and interferon inducer, which, in preliminary studies, has been shown to increase progesterone receptor expression in endometrial tissue. Restoration of progesterone receptor expression may re-sensitize endometrial tumor tissue to progestin therapy in previously unresponsive tumors. Cridanimod was originally developed by Polysan and Pharmsynthez and licensed to Xenetic Biosciences. Virexxa is currently being studied in an ongoing Phase 2 multi-national study in conjunction with progestin therapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer in women with the recurrent or persistent disease who have failed progestin monotherapy.

Choline alfoscerate (alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Alpha-GPC) is a nootropic choline-containing phospholipid. Choline alphoscerate increases the release of acetylcholine in rat hippocampus, facilitates learning and memory in experimental animals, improves brain transduction mechanisms and decreases age-dependent structural changes occurring in rat brain areas involved in learning and memory. The compound exerts neuroprotective effects in models of altered cholinergic neurotransmission and of brain vascular injury. In clinical studies choline alphoscerate improved memory and attention impairment, as well as affective and somatic symptoms in dementia disorders. In Europe alpha-GPC is a prescription medication for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is available in two forms; one is taken by mouth, and the other is given as a shot. In the United States alpha-GPC is only available as a dietary supplement, mostly in products promoted to improve memory. Other uses for alpha-GPC include treatment of various kinds of dementia, stroke, and "mini-stroke" (transient ischemic attack, TIA). Alpha-GPC is also used for improving memory, thinking skills, and learning.

Lobenzarit is an immunomodulator and antioxidative agent, which has been used successfully in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lobenzarit is a scavenger of oxygen-free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, peroxyl and singlet oxygen. Side effects of this medicine are: decreased/considerably increased urinary volume, bloody urine, frequent urination.