Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals, and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2. Rebamipide is used in a number of Asian countries including Japan (marketed as Mucosta), South Korea, China, and India (where it is marketed under the trade name Rebagen). It is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States. Studies have shown that rebamipide can fight the damaging effects of NSAIDs on the GIT mucosa.

Seratrodast belongs to a class of medication called thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist. Seratrodast blocks the broncho-constrictor effects of certain chemicals (prostaglandins) in the body. Seratrodast also decreases the inflammation by antagonising the thromboxane A2 receptor. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, drowsiness, headache, palpitations, and hepatitis. Seradair may interact with Ozagrel.

Bucillamine [SA96:N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine] is a synthetic SH compound and an antirheumatic agent developed from tiopronin. It is mainly used in Japan and Korea. Activity is mediated by the two thiol groups that the molecule contains. Research done in the USA showed positive transplant preservation properties. Bucillamine has the potential to attenuate or prevent damage during myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery and organ transplantation. Bucillamine is a more potent thiol donor than other cysteine derivatives: approximately 16-fold more potent than N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst(R)) in vivo. In addition bucillamine appears to have additional anti-inflammatory effects unrelated to its antioxidant effect. Oral bucillamine is used clinically in Asia for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. There is a strong preclinical evidence that parenteral infusion of this agent is efficacious in acute settings characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. In Phase I human trials healthy volunteers received bucillamine at doses up to 25 mg/kg/h i.v. for 3 h and elicited no serious toxicity. On the basis of pharmacokinetic analyses of blood levels during these studies, it was concluded that bucillamine infused at i.v. doses > or =10 mg/kg/h for 3 h to humans could be expected to be therapeutically effective in myocardial infarction, organ transplantation and other acute inflammatory syndromes. Bucillamine exhibits potent antioxidant activity similar to those of trolox and ascorbic acid. It reduces the stable free radical diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Bucillamine is a potent antioxidant which exerts its beneficial therapeutic activities in RA patients by metal chelation rather than by scavenging free radical species.

Acadesine, also known as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, AICA-riboside, and AICAR, is an AMP-activated protein kinase activator which is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and may have applications in treating other disorders such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The mechanism by which acadesine selectively kills B-cells is not yet fully elucidated. The action of acadesine does not require the tumour suppressor protein p53 like other treatments. This is important, as p53 is often missing or defective in cancerous B-cells. Studies have shown acadesine activates AMPK and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but not in T lymphocytes. Antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate MCL cell sensitivity to acadesine and combination of this agent with Bcl-2 inhibitors might be an interesting therapeutic option to treat MCL patients. Acadesine has anti-ischemic properties that is currently being studied (Phase 3) for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Adenosine itself has many beneficial cardioprotective properties that may therefore be harnessed by this new class of drugs. Unlike adenosine, acadesine acts specifically at sites of ischemia and is therefore void of the systemic hemodynamic effects that may complicate adenosine therapy. Animal and in vitro studies have established acadesine as a promising new agent for attenuating ischemic and reperfusion damage to the myocardium. Acadesine also possesses the theoretical (but unproven) benefit of attenuating reperfusion injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Further research is needed to define the full potential of this unique agent in various clinical situations involving myocardial ischemia.

Phosmet is a non-systemic, organophosphate insecticide used on both plants and animals. Phosmet is mainly used on apple trees for control of coddling moth, though it is used on a wide range of fruit crops, ornamentals and vines for the control of aphids, suckers, mites and fruit flies. Phosmet is a moderately potent cholinesterase inhibitor.

Octamylamine is an Antispasmodic. Trademark: Octinum D.

Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) is a derivative of vitamin D and is used to treat the secondary hyperparathyroidism of hemodialysis (HD) patients as an injection and psoriasis as an ointment. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the complications in HD patients with hyperplasia of parathyroid glands and elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) suppresses synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone, and decreases a concentration of parathyroid hormone in blood. It also inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Maxacalcitol (OXAROL®) used in patients with keratosis including psoriasis vulgaris, remarkably improving the symptoms.

Trapidil, a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, was originally developed as a vasodilator and anti-platelet agent and has been used to treat patients with ischemic coronary heart, liver, and kidney disease. Used to treat patients with ischemic coronary heart, liver, and kidney disease.

Omoconazole is an azole antifungal drug, is used to treat candidiasis; dermatophytes and Pityriasis Versicolor

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of Diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The dose is 100 mg twice daily, and should not be given to people with porphyria or breastfeeding mothers and is not recommended for children. Aceclofenac is a cytokine inhibitor. Aceclofenac works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of prostaglandins (chemicals in the body which cause pain, swelling and inflammation). Aceclofenac is the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac. The incidence of gastric ulcerogenicity of aceclofenac has been reported to be significantly lower than that of other frequently prescribed NSAIDs: for instance, 2-fold less than naproxen, 4-fold less than diclofenac, and 7-fold less than indomethacin. Aceclofenac is metabolized in human hepatocytes and human microsomes to form [2-(2',6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino)phenyl] acetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated.