Cinchonidine is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. Cinchonidine is an antimalarial drug which has been used clinically in malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Cinchonidine is reported as an ingredient of Quinimax in a number of countries. Quinimax is a combination of four alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchoine and cinchonidine).

Revaprazan (trade name Revanex) is a drug that reduces gastric acid secretion and is used for the treatment of gastritis and acid-related disease. It acts as an acid pump antagonist (potassium-competitive acid blocker) that reversibly inhibits H+, K+-ATPase by binding to the K+-binding site of the pump, thereby causing fewer side effects, compared with the irreversible proton pump inhibitors. Revaprazan is approved for use in Korea, but is not approved in Europe or the United States.

Efrotomycin (ET) is an antibiotic obtained by the incubation of Nocardia lacamduranns, and composed of 4 components: Efrotomycin A1, Efrotomycin A2, Efrotomycin B1, and Efrotomycin B2. Although its antibacterial spectrum is narrow, ET has an antibacterial effect on part of the Grampositive bacteria and on treponema, and has a growth promoting effect on pigs etc. ET is a pure-grade antibiotic that was designated as a feed additive. Under the brand name Producil Efrotomycin was indicated for increased rate of weight gain when incorporated into complete swine feeds at 3.6 to 14.5 g/ton. This antibiotic is a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with peptide transfer reactions associated with the elongation factor Tu.

Efloxate is a coronary vasodilator developed in 1959 in Italy by Recordati and used for the treatment of angina pectoris. The drug is no longer marketed.

Meldonium (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate; MET-88; quaterine, trade-named as Mildronate) is an antiischemic drug developed at the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis. It is a clinically used in the treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Mechanism of action is based on the regulation of energy metabolism pathways through l-carnitine lowering effect. L-Carnitine biosynthesis enzyme γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2) are the main known drug targets of meldonium, and through inhibition of these activities, meldonium induces adaptive changes in the cellular energy homeostasis. Since L-carnitine is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, the decline in its levels stimulates glucose metabolism and decreases concentrations of l-carnitine related metabolites, such as long-chain acylcarnitines and trimethylamine-N-oxide. Meldonium is used in neurological clinics for the treatment of brain circulation disorders. It appears to improve patients' mood; they become more active, their motor dysfunction decreases, and asthenia, dizziness, and nausea become less pronounced. CNS effects of Meldonium could be mediated by stimulation of the nitric oxide production in the vascular endothelium by modification of the gamma-butyrobetaine and its esters pools. It is hypothesized that mildronate may increase the formation of the gamma-butyrobetaine esters. Meldonium was on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) list of drugs being monitored until September 2015, when it was added to the list of banned substances, effective January 1, 2016.

Mexenone is a benzophenone-derived UV absorbing compound used in sunscreen cosmetics such as creams, lotions, lipsticks and sun oils. It is not uncommon for Mexone and other related benzophenones to cause an allergic reaction when applied to the skin.

Aluminum flufenamate is an anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. Antiphlogistic pain reliever Opyrin (Aluminum flufenamate) was launched in Japan by Taisho Pharmaceutical in 1967.

Esatenolol is the (S) enantiomer of atenolol, a beta1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Only (S)-atenolol, but not (R)-atenolol, contributes to the beta-blocking effect of currently used racemic atenolol since the same effect can be elicited with the (S)-enantiomer alone. Pure (S)-atenolol has been launched in India for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Carumonam is a monobactam antibacterial agent. It was highly active in vitro against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. The excellent activity of carumonam against Gram-negative bacteria is related to its high affinity for their penicillin-binding proteins. It is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic respiratory infections, biliary tract infections, peritonitis, sepsis. Another factor that contributes to the excellent activity of carumonam against Gram-negative bacteria is its resistance to beta-lactamases. Adverse effects of the carumonam were limited to phlebitis at the intravenous infusion site; bloody diarrhea.

Nimorazole is an antimicrobial with activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Its actions and properties are similar to metronidazole. It has also been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypoxia, Radiotherapy, Hypoxic Modification, Gene Profile, Gene Signature, and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, among others. Azanta is developing, nimorazole, as an oral hypoxic radio-sensitiser for the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy. Previously, nimorazole has been approved for use as an anti-protozoal agent and has been launched worldwide. Nimorazole, for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy received orphan designation by EMA in 2011.