Zofenopril is an inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), which is approved in Europe for the treatment of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction.

Nalfurafine, an opioid κ-selective agonist, has been officially approved for resistant pruritus in HD patients on the basis of a well-evidenced clinical trial in Japan. Nalfurafine hydrochloride is a potent and selective agonist for mouse, rat, guinea pig, and human κ-opioid receptors without significant activity on µ- and δ-opioid receptors. Nalfurafine hydrochloride (2.5 and 5 ug/day) has been proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of HD patients with uremic pruritus resistant to antihistamines.

Arbekacin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Arbekacin has antibacterial activities against high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococci, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii et al. In a cell-free system, habekacin (arbekacin) interfered with polypeptide synthesis, caused codon misreading, and inhibited translocation of N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA from the acceptor site to the donor site on ribosomes. Arbekacin bound to both 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits. Arbekacin has been approved as an injectable formulation in Japan since 1990, under the trade name Habekacin, for the treatment of patients with pneumonia and sepsis caused by MRSA. Meiji Seika Pharma is developing an inhaled aerosol formulation of arbekacin for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Nobelpharma is developing an intravenous formulation of arbekacin sulfate, known as nonsense readthrough compound or NPC 14, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Sulfacarbamide is an antimicrobial agent that has been investigated as a therapeutic biochemical for diabetes treatment. Sulfacaramide - has a bacteriostatic effect due to competitive antagonism with PABA, preventing its inclusion in Dihydrofolic acid, which leads to a violation of the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Thus, the synthesis of nucleic acids is broken, as a result of which the growth and multiplication of microorganisms are suppressed.

Camylofin is an antimuscarinic. This medication is used as antispasmodic in biliary colic, renal and ureteric colic, dysmenorrhoea, peptic ulcer and chronic enterocolitis. It is used to treat stomach ache in infants and children. Camylofin should be the first choice and may be preferred over other drugs for cervical dilatation and acceleration of active phase of labor.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) following cerebral aneurysm rupture or trauma can result in the induction of secondary ischaemic brain damage via a decrease in microvascular perfusion, a disruption of the blood-brain barrier and consequent vasogenic oedema, and the delayed spasm of the major cerebral arteries (i.e. vasospasm). It is increasingly apparent that oxygen radical-induced, iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation (LP) within the subarachnoid blood and vascular wall plays a key role in the occurrence of these secondary events. Tirilazad mesylate, is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid, is a potent cytoprotective inhibitor of LP that works by a combination of radical scavenging and membrane stabilizing properties. It has been demonstrated to attenuate the acute and delayed vascular consequences of SAH and to protect the brain against ischaemic insults. Tirilazad mesylate has been proposed to treat acute ischaemic stroke. When tested on animal models, tirilazad protects brain tissue, and reduces brain damage. However, the drug fails to treat, and even worsens a stroke when studied on a human being.

Estrone, one of the major mammalian estrogens, is an aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone. It is produced in vivo from androstenedione or from testosterone via estradiol. It is produced primarily in the ovaries, placenta, and in peripheral tissues (especially adipose tissue) through conversion of adrostenedione. Estrone may be further metabolized to 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone, which may be reduced to estriol by estradiol dehydrogenase. Estrogens enter the cells of responsive tissues (e.g. female organs, breasts, hypothalamus, pituitary) where they interact with estrogen receptors. Hormone-bound estrogen receptors dimerize, translocate to the nucleus of cells and bind to estrogen response elements (ERE) of genes. Binding to ERE alters the transcription rate of affected genes. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release from the anterior pituitary. (-)-Estrone (ent-Estrone) is an ent-steroid which is devoid of hormonal activity. ent-Estrone or ent-estradiol is obtained analogously to the natural hormones from ent-estradiol-3-methyl ether that is produced totally synthetically by oxidation, ether cleavage and reduction. ( )-Estrone is a sexual hormone and (-)-Estrone is inactive.

Cholinergic anthelmintic, Thenium is used against dog and cat hookworms.

Delamanid (OPC-67683, Deltyba™) is a nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazoles derivative. It is a mycolic acid biosynthesis inhibitor, an essential component of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis. Delamanid possess highly potent activity against tuberculosis, as shown by its exceptionally low minimum inhibitory concentration range in vitro and highly effective therapeutic activity at low doses in vivo. Delamanid has been developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Delamanid received its first global approval for the treatment of MDR-TB in the European Union (EU), for use in combination with optimised background therapy. It is also under review for marketing in Japan for MDR-TB, the first drug application filed in Japan for this indication. Delamanid has been granted orphan drug status in both the EU and Japan.

Enprostil, a derivative of heptadienoic acid, is a prostaglandin E2 agonist. It is effective in the treatment of patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers.