Dextromethorphan is a non-narcotic morphine derivative widely used as an antitussive for almost 40 years. It has attracted attention due to its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. It is a cough suppressant in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. In 2010, the FDA approved the combination product dextromethorphan/quinidine for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect. Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Dextromethorphan shows high-affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives and is used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. Dextromethorphan (DM) is a sigma-1 receptor agonist and an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. The mechanism by which dextromethorphan exerts therapeutic effects in patients with pseudobulbar affect is unknown. Dextromethorphan should not be taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors due to the potential for serotonin syndrome. Dextromethorphan is extensively metabolized by CYP2D6 to dextrorphan, which is rapidly glucuronidated and unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Tetrahydrozoline is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist, which is used in form of nasal solution or spray (Tyzin) for decongestion of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Monofluorophosphate (MFP) is an anion, which is a phosphate group with one oxygen atom substituted with a fluorine atom. Sodium Monofluorophosphate is intended to be used by both petitioners in food supplements as a source of fluoride in the forms of multi-vitamin, multi-mineral supplements, solid tablets or tablets dispersible in liquid. The toxic effects of Monofluorophosphate are attributable to the fluoride ion released by the in vivo hydrolysis of the parent compound. The Monofluorophosphate ion appears to play no role. The acute toxicity of Monofluorophosphate is somewhat less than that of NaF, due to the lesser availability of fluoride in the short term from Monofluorophosphate. In the long term, Monofluorophosphate produces virtually the same picture of renal effects and skeletal storage of fluoride as does NaF. Sodium Monofluorophosphate dissociates into sodium and Monofluorophosphate ions in the intestinal tract, the latter being absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine.

Discovered as natural products from actinomycetes soil bacteria, the tetracyclines were first reported in the scientific literature in 1948. They were noted for their broad spectrum antibacterial activity and were commercialized with clinical success beginning in the late 1940s to the early 1950s. By catalytic hydrogenation of Aureomycin, using palladium metal and hydrogen, the C7 deschloro derivative was synthesized, producing a compound of higher potency, a better solubility profile, and favorable pharmacological activity; it was subsequently named tetracycline. Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracycline is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

Monofluorophosphate (MFP) is an anion, which is a phosphate group with one oxygen atom substituted with a fluorine atom. Sodium Monofluorophosphate is intended to be used by both petitioners in food supplements as a source of fluoride in the forms of multi-vitamin, multi-mineral supplements, solid tablets or tablets dispersible in liquid. The toxic effects of Monofluorophosphate are attributable to the fluoride ion released by the in vivo hydrolysis of the parent compound. The Monofluorophosphate ion appears to play no role. The acute toxicity of Monofluorophosphate is somewhat less than that of NaF, due to the lesser availability of fluoride in the short term from Monofluorophosphate. In the long term, Monofluorophosphate produces virtually the same picture of renal effects and skeletal storage of fluoride as does NaF. Sodium Monofluorophosphate dissociates into sodium and Monofluorophosphate ions in the intestinal tract, the latter being absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine.

Discovered as natural products from actinomycetes soil bacteria, the tetracyclines were first reported in the scientific literature in 1948. They were noted for their broad spectrum antibacterial activity and were commercialized with clinical success beginning in the late 1940s to the early 1950s. By catalytic hydrogenation of Aureomycin, using palladium metal and hydrogen, the C7 deschloro derivative was synthesized, producing a compound of higher potency, a better solubility profile, and favorable pharmacological activity; it was subsequently named tetracycline. Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracycline is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

Monofluorophosphate (MFP) is an anion, which is a phosphate group with one oxygen atom substituted with a fluorine atom. Sodium Monofluorophosphate is intended to be used by both petitioners in food supplements as a source of fluoride in the forms of multi-vitamin, multi-mineral supplements, solid tablets or tablets dispersible in liquid. The toxic effects of Monofluorophosphate are attributable to the fluoride ion released by the in vivo hydrolysis of the parent compound. The Monofluorophosphate ion appears to play no role. The acute toxicity of Monofluorophosphate is somewhat less than that of NaF, due to the lesser availability of fluoride in the short term from Monofluorophosphate. In the long term, Monofluorophosphate produces virtually the same picture of renal effects and skeletal storage of fluoride as does NaF. Sodium Monofluorophosphate dissociates into sodium and Monofluorophosphate ions in the intestinal tract, the latter being absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine.

Discovered as natural products from actinomycetes soil bacteria, the tetracyclines were first reported in the scientific literature in 1948. They were noted for their broad spectrum antibacterial activity and were commercialized with clinical success beginning in the late 1940s to the early 1950s. By catalytic hydrogenation of Aureomycin, using palladium metal and hydrogen, the C7 deschloro derivative was synthesized, producing a compound of higher potency, a better solubility profile, and favorable pharmacological activity; it was subsequently named tetracycline. Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracycline is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

Discovered as natural products from actinomycetes soil bacteria, the tetracyclines were first reported in the scientific literature in 1948. They were noted for their broad spectrum antibacterial activity and were commercialized with clinical success beginning in the late 1940s to the early 1950s. By catalytic hydrogenation of Aureomycin, using palladium metal and hydrogen, the C7 deschloro derivative was synthesized, producing a compound of higher potency, a better solubility profile, and favorable pharmacological activity; it was subsequently named tetracycline. Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracycline is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

Cyclizine (cyclizine hydrochloride, Valoid®) is a histamine H1 antagonist of the piperazine class which is characterised by a low incidence of drowsiness. It possesses anticholinergic and antiemetic properties. The exact mechanism by which cyclizin (cyclizine hydrochloride, Valoid®) can prevent or suppress both nausea and vomiting from various causes is unknown. It increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone and reduces the sensitivity of the labyrinthine apparatus. It may inhibit the part of the midbrain known collectively as the emetic centre.