TETRACYCLINE TRIHYDRATE

US Approved OTC

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C22H24N2O8.3H2O
Molecular Weight	498.4804
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	5 / 5
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O.O.O.[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3([H])C(C(=O)C4=C(O)C=CC=C4[C@@]3(C)O)=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@H]2N(C)C

InChI

InChIKey=OVMPBWOOPZNLRQ-ZZEGOUJXSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H24N2O8.3H2O/c1-21(31)8-5-4-6-11(25)12(8)16(26)13-9(21)7-10-15(24(2)3)17(27)14(20(23)30)19(29)22(10,32)18(13)28;;;/h4-6,9-10,15,25,27-28,31-32H,7H2,1-3H3,(H2,23,30);3*1H2/t9-,10-,15-,21+,22-;;;/m0.../s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/050278s037lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22191524

Discovered as natural products from actinomycetes soil bacteria, the tetracyclines were first reported in the scientific literature in 1948. They were noted for their broad spectrum antibacterial activity and were commercialized with clinical success beginning in the late 1940s to the early 1950s. By catalytic hydrogenation of Aureomycin, using palladium metal and hydrogen, the C7 deschloro derivative was synthesized, producing a compound of higher potency, a better solubility profile, and favorable pharmacological activity; it was subsequently named tetracycline. Tetracyclines are primarily bacteriostatic and exert their antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Tetracycline is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Bacterial 70S ribosome 179 Target ID: CHEMBL2363135 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/050278s037lbl.pdf	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Bacterial infections 234 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/050278s037lbl.pdf	Curative		Approved 8429	TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Approved Use Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the conditions listed below: • Upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. Note: Tetracycline should not be used for streptococcal disease unless the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible. • Lower respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton agent, and Klebsiella sp.) • Skin and soft tissue infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureaus. (Tetracyclines are not the drugs of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infections.) • Infections caused by rickettsia including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus group infections, Q fever, rickettsialpox. • Psittacosis caused by Chlamydophila psittaci. • Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis such as uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections, inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma, and lymphogranuloma venereum. • Granuloma inquinale caused by Klebsiella granulomatis. • Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia sp. • Bartonellosis caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. • Chancroid caused by Hemophilus ducreyi. • Tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis. • Plaque caused by Yersinia pestis. • Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. • Brucellosis caused by Brucella species (tetracycline may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside). • Infections due to Campylobacter fetus. • As adjunctive therapy in intestinal amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica. • Urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, etc. • Other infections caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms such as E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., and Bacteroides sp. • In severe acne, adjunctive therapy with tetracycline may be useful. When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracyclines are alternative drugs in the treatment of the following infections: • Syphilis and yaws caused by Treponema pallidum and pertenue, respectively, • Vincent’s infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme, • Infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, • Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis, • Infections due to Listeria monocytogenes, • Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces species, • Infections due to Clostridium species. Launch Date 1953

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
2 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
2.6 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
2.7 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT
4.5 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
4.5 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
4.1 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
2.5 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487493/	300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
27.27 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487493/	300 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
25.5 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
27 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
31.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT
55.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
56.6 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
74.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
26.91 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487493/	300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
7.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
5.6 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED
6.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT
6.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
6.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
8.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/856000/	500 mg single, oral dose: 500 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
7.85 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487493/	300 mg single, oral dose: 300 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	TETRACYCLINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
1000 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1000 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1000 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332	unhealthy, 14 - 35 years n = 31 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne Age Group: 14 - 35 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 31 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332
2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg 2 times / day multiple, topical\|oral (complex) Dose: 2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg, 2 times / day Route: topical\|oral Route: multiple Dose: 2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332	unhealthy, 14 - 35 years n = 36 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne Age Group: 14 - 35 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 36 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332	Other AEs: Discoloration skin... Other AEs: Discoloration skin Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332
250 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 250 mg, 4 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 250 mg, 4 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740345	unhealthy, 38 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pharyngitis Age Group: 38 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740345	Disc. AE: Mucosal ulceration... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Mucosal ulceration (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740345
7 g multiple, intrapleural (total) Overdose Dose: 7 g Route: intrapleural Route: multiple Dose: 7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571097	unhealthy, 41 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 41 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571097	Disc. AE: Pleural disorder... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pleural disorder Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571097
2 % 2 times / day multiple, intralesional Dose: 2 %, 2 times / day Route: intralesional Route: multiple Dose: 2 %, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24841733	unhealthy, 63 years (range: 53–72 years) n = 21 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: lower eyelid festoons Age Group: 63 years (range: 53–72 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 21 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24841733	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24841733

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Discoloration skin		2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg 2 times / day multiple, topical\|oral (complex) Dose: 2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg, 2 times / day Route: topical\|oral Route: multiple Dose: 2.2 \|500 mg/mL\|mg, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332	unhealthy, 14 - 35 years n = 36 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne Age Group: 14 - 35 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 36 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2140332
Mucosal ulceration	1 patient Disc. AE	250 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 250 mg, 4 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 250 mg, 4 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740345	unhealthy, 38 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pharyngitis Age Group: 38 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8740345
Pleural disorder	Disc. AE	7 g multiple, intrapleural (total) Overdose Dose: 7 g Route: intrapleural Route: multiple Dose: 7 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571097	unhealthy, 41 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 41 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571097

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
substrate 1737 inhibitor 1587

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
	OAT4 78 OAT2 115 OAT3 339

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1997.t01-1-00619.x	yes [IC50 29 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP3A4 1737	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1884545/	likely
OAT2 115	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11855680/	yes
OAT3 339	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11855680/	yes
OAT4 78	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11855680/	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
AA Blocks	AA003UKO	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA003UKO
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	67884	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=67884
Aaron Chemicals	AR003VCG	http://www.aaronchem.com/60-54-8
Alfa Chemistry	ACM60548	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/product/tetracycline-cas-60-54-8-1449.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A17.890.739	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A17.890.739
BioCrick	BCC9176	http://www.biocrick.com/Tetracycline-BCC9176.html
Chem Scene	CS-8188	http://www.chemscene.com/60-54-8.html
Chemenu	CM110222	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM110222
Chemspace	CSSB00020667474	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00020667474
Enamine	Z2144222809	https://www.enaminestore.com/catalog/Z2144222809
Glentham Life Sciences	GA0548	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GA0548/
Glentham Life Sciences	GA9779	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GA9779/
Hairui	HR128188	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/60-54-8.html
Lab Network	LN01343680	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01343680
MedChem Express	HY-A0107	https://www.medchemexpress.com/Tetracycline.html
MolPort	MolPort-001-794-633	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-001-794-633
MuseChem	A000279	https://www.musechem.com/product/A000279.html
MuseChem	R065761	https://www.musechem.com/product/R065761.html
Selleck Chemicals	S4490	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/tetracycline.html
Sigma-Aldrich	87128_SIGMA	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/87128?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	T3258_SIGMA	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t3258?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Smolecule	S545014	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s545014
THE BioTek	bt-283971	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-283971
abcr GmbH	AB349608	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB349608
eNovation Chemicals	Y1053897	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=Y1053897
mcule	MCULE-3752961261	https://mcule.com/MCULE-3752961261/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
[Acute nephrosis following enterocolitis due to tetracycline].	1967 Sep 15	5593034
Iliacus haematoma syndrome as a complication of anticoagulant therapy.	1968 Oct 12	4301397
Polyuric acute renal failure after methoxyflurane and tetracycline.	1971 Dec 11	5134563
Protective effect of ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid and mannitol against tetracycline-induced nephrotoxicity.	1971 Jul	5087393
Benign intracranial hypertension. Sequel to tetracycline therapy in a child.	1971 May 31	5108523
Benign intracranial hypertension after antibiotic therapy.	1972 Jul 1	5039554
Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with tetracycline-induced hepatorenal failure during pregnancy.	1973 Feb 15	4685515
Megaloblastic anemia associated with long-term tetracycline therapy. Report of a case.	1973 Jun	4268307
Protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the effect of streptomycin in streptomycin-susceptible and -resistant strains.	1973 Sep	4202339
[Tetracyclin intoxication versus idiopathic pancreatitis: report of a case with multiple organ involvement (author's transl)].	1979	471525
Tetracycline-induced aplastic anemia.	1979 Mar	424834
Effect of toxic doses of progesterone on hepatotoxic effects of tetracycline.	1985 Apr	4024961
Congenital heart disease in relation to maternal use of Bendectin and other drugs in early pregnancy.	1985 Aug 8	4010751
Hemolytic anemia after tetracycline therapy.	1985 Mar 28	3974663
Minor complication of thyroid cyst sclerosis with tetracycline.	1986 Jan	3942454
An aborted, prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy for prolonged drainage after mastectomy.	1986 May	3704892
[Effectiveness of legalon and essentiale in a tetracycline-induced liver lesion].	1986 Oct	3789688
Tetracycline-induced renal hypophosphatemia in a patient with a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.	1988	3277077
Pseudotumor cerebri, a rare adverse reaction to tetracycline therapy. A case report.	1988 Dec	3225732
Inhibition of HIV-1 RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and cellular DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma by phosphonoformic acid and other drugs.	1988 Feb	2452149
Combination chemotherapy for primary small intestinal lymphoma in the Middle East.	1989 May	2472276
Anosmia after doxycycline use.	1990 Apr 16	2139490
In vitro and in vivo effects of doxycycline on Toxoplasma gondii.	1990 May	2360817
Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum to two new quinolones, sparfloxacin and WIN 57273.	1991 Jul	1929320
Genomic cluster and network analysis for predictive screening for hepatotoxicity.	2006 Dec	17202758
Newer tetracycline derivatives: synthesis, anti-HIV, antimycobacterial activities and inhibition of HIV-1 integrase.	2007 Apr 15	17376679
Sclerotherapy of idiopathic hydroceles and epididymal cysts: a historical comparison trial of 5% phenol versus tetracycline.	2007 Dec	18646496
Multichannel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry cocktail method for comprehensive substrate characterization of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 transporter.	2007 Dec	17939016
The effect of azithromycin on reactive oxygen species in rosacea.	2007 Mar	17244346
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of targeted tetracycline derivatives: effects on inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases.	2007 Mar 15	17267227
Fatal brain abscess due to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300.	2007 Nov 1	17918070
Acute hepatotoxicity: a predictive model based on focused illumina microarrays.	2007 Sep	17522070
A comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis of antibiotics that activate pregnane X receptor and induce CYP3A4 in liver and intestine.	2008 Aug	18505790
[Protective effect of bicyclol against acute fatty liver induced by tetracycline in mice].	2008 Jan	18357727
Meningitis due to hematogenous dissemination of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient with AIDS.	2008 Nov-Dec	18936290
Cellular imaging predictions of clinical drug-induced liver injury.	2008 Sep	18524759
Tetracycline-induced renal failure after dental treatment.	2009 Jan	19119167
Protective effect of bicyclol on tetracycline-induced fatty liver in mice.	2009 Jul 10	19427351
Gel entrapment culture of rat hepatocytes for investigation of tetracycline-induced toxicity.	2009 Jul 15	19463838
In vitro assay for drug-induced hepatosteatosis using rat primary hepatocytes, a fluorescent lipid analog and gene expression analysis.	2009 May	19224547
Decreased nanobacteria levels and symptoms of nanobacteria-associated interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome after tetracycline treatment.	2010 Jan	19760079
Epidural abscess caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 in Japan.	2010 Oct	20364357
Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature.	2010 Sep	20592239
Development of a multiparametric cell-based protocol to screen and classify the hepatotoxicity potential of drugs.	2012 May	22331495
Effect of ribosome-targeting antibiotics on streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium mutants in the rpsL gene.	2013 Aug	23664678
Old drug, new target: ellipticines selectively inhibit RNA polymerase I transcription.	2013 Feb 15	23293027
A simple transcriptomic signature able to predict drug-induced hepatic steatosis.	2014 Apr	24469900
Mechanisms of amiodarone and valproic acid induced liver steatosis in mouse in vivo act as a template for other hepatotoxicity models.	2014 Aug	24535564
Gene expression markers in the zebrafish embryo reflect a hepatotoxic response in animal models and humans.	2014 Oct 1	25064622
Increased hepatic Fatty Acid uptake and esterification contribute to tetracycline-induced steatosis in mice.	2015 Jun	25745068

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE - tetracycline hydrochloride capsule Adults: Usual daily dose, 1 gram as 500 mg twice a day or 250 mg four times a day. Higher doses such as 500 mg four times a day may be required for severe infections or for those infections which do not respond to the smaller doses. For pediatric patients above eight years of age: Usual daily dose, 10 mg/lb to 20 mg/lb (25mg/kg to 50 mg/kg) body weight divided in four equal doses. TETRACYCLINE VISION 10 mg/g eye ointment Adults and children: depending on the severity of condition, a strip of the eye ointment with length of 1 – 1.5 cm is inserted into the conjunctival fold of the lower eyelid 3 - 4 times daily and in more severe cases, up to 6 times daily.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Standard tetracycline powders should provide the following range of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration values: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 8 - 32 mcg/mL Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 0.5 - 2 mcg/mL Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49247 4 - 32 mcg/mL Mycoplasma pneumoniae ATCC 29342 0.06-0.5 mcg/mL Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 - 1 mcg/mL Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.06 - 0.5 mcg/mL

Name

Type

Language

TETRACYCLINE TRIHYDRATE

Common Name

English

Tetracycline trihydrate [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

2-NAPHTHACENECARBOXAMIDE, 4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-1,4,4A,5,5A,6,11,12A-OCTAHYDRO-3,6,10,12,12A-PENTAHYDROXY-6-METHYL-1,11-DIOXO-, HYDRATE (1:3), (4S,4AS,5AS,6S,12AS)-

Systematic Name

English

TETRACYCLINE TRIHYDRATE [MI]

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

SMS_ID

100000163639