Gentiobiose, α- (6-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranose) is a rare disaccharide that was find in living systems which use it both structurally and as energy source. Gentiobiose was first isolated from gentian roots and was shown to be involved in signaling pathways of the plant.

beta-Gentiobiose is a naturally occurring disaccharide. It was proved to be potent inhibitors of the lytic activity of NK cells as well as of cytotoxic T lymphocytes activated in mixed lymphocyte cultures.

Diphenylmagnesium is organic compound, that can be by reacting a phenylmagnesium halide with dioxane. Diphenylmagnesium is a feathery solid, somewhat less hazardous than the dimethyl and diethyl compounds. Diphenylmagnesium is violently reactive with water and is spontaneously flammable in humid air, but not dry air

2-Amino-5-nitrophenol is produced from 2-aminophenol by reaction with acetic anhydride to form 2-methylbenzoxazole, which is nitrated and hydrolysed to form 2-amino5-nitrophenol. It was first sythesized by Kaltwasser and Oehrn In 1920. 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of several azo dyes, including CI Solvent Red 8, which is used for colouring synthetic resins, lacquers, inks and wood stains. 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol is also used in many countries as a dye in semi-permanent hair colouring products to produce red and gold-blond shades. These products are generally shampooed into the hair, lathered and then allowed to remain in contact with the hair and scalp for 30-45 min. For this application, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol is mixed (at levels up to 0.5 %) with a blend of several other dyes in a shampoo base to produce the final colour or tint desired. It has been used (and still is to a limited extent) in permanent hair colouring products. The use of 2-amino-5-nitrophenol in cosme tic products is prohibited in the European Economic Community.

2-Phenyl-1-propanol is a metabolite of isopropylbenzol. It is used as a tool substrate to study stereoselectivity of enzymatic reactions.

Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound which can be found in a variety of plant sources and especially some types of dried fruit. It is an epimer of chlorogenic acid. Neochlorogenic has been investigated as a chemopreventative dietary compound for breast cancer and collorectal cancer. It has in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties, and may be responsible for the laxative effect fo prunes. Research surrounding neochlorgenic acid has often involved various plant extracts, rather than pure preparations of the compound.

Silver Gluconate is salt composed of silver and Gluconic acid. Silver gluconate possess antimicrobial activity and can be used for the manufacture of substrates with antimicrobial ativity

Ethylhydrocupreine Hydrochloride (optochin) is a reagent used in the alteration in bacterial morphology, it is now used in cell culture techniques for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is optochin-sensitive, from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci such as viridans streptococci, which are resistant. However, a single standardized procedure does not exist. Optochin is included neither in the current EUCAST breakpoint tables nor in the CLSI performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

(+)-Gallocatechin is a polyphenol, which occurs naturally in various plants, including green tea leaves.

Loliolide, is a natural bioactive monoterpenoid lactone extracted from a variety of plants including marine algae, medicinal plants such as psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum, Acalypha, Brachystemma calycinum, Calendula officinalis L. flowers and many more. Loliolide exerted inhibitory activity against cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts diminishing senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal), the level of p21 protein, and the level of reactive oxygen species in senescent cells induced by adriamycin treatment. These findings imply that loliolide might be useful for the development of dietary supplements or cosmetics that ameliorate tissue aging or age-associated diseases. As a selective estrogen receptor modulator, which can activate ERβ and ERα and simultaneously express estrogenic activity loliolide can be applied as medical or food compositions to improve estrogen deficiency-related symptoms and can be used as selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) in menopause women. Recently loliolide was characterized as a potent hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitor, which merit further evaluation for development as candidate antiviral agents against hepatitis C.