Estradiol 3-valerate is used for quality control, toxicity studies and other analytical studies during commercial production of estradiol 17-valerate. Estradiol 17-valerate, a synthetic estrogen ester, which is applied in hormone replacement therapy.

Norfentanyl is a major urinary metabolite of a potent, synthetic narcotic analgesic fentanyl.

5-eicosenoic acid (C20:1omega15), a cis-unsaturated free fatty acid, plays a significant role in PKC-epsilon activation and potentiation of nicotinic ACh receptor responses.

4-p-coumaroylquinic acid is one of the most abundant components of Turkish black tea Camellia sinensis L possesses antioxidant properties.

Corypalmine (or (-)-corypalmine) is an alkaloid which has been isolated from the crude base fraction of Corydalis chaerophylla and can inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes proline-containing peptides at the carboxy terminus of proline residues. It has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders and therefore may have important clinical implications.

MY-5445 is specific inhibitor of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase with potent platelet anti-aggregation activity. MY-5445 significantly elevated cyclic GMP content in human plateıts but had no effect on cyclic AMP content, suggesting that the drug affects principally the cyclic GMP metabolism in the platelet. MY-5445 significantly increases contractility, measured in the perfused heart and isolated cardiomyocytes, in hypertrophied right ventricle (RVH) but not normal right ventricle (RV).

N,O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine is a metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. In humans, venlafaxine is biotransformed for the most part by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 isoenzymes to its major metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and in parallel to N-desmethylvenlafaxine and N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine. It was shown, that CYP2D6 genotype influenced the O-demethylation whereas CYP2C19 influenced the N-demethylation of venlafaxine and its metabolites.

3,5-Dinitrocatechol (OR-486) is a selective inhibitor of catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT). COMT is an enzyme that plays a major role in catechol neurotransmitter deactivation. Inhibition of COMT can increase neurotransmitter levels, which provides a means of treatment for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and depression.

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-piperidinol (CPPO) is one of haloperidol metabolite. Neurotoxicity studies in frogs, which have been used to detect N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) action, showed that CPPO did not mimic the neurotoxicity of MPTP but caused a delayed and persistent freezing action in Rana pipiens frogs. It is proposed that this action may contribute to some of the delayed side-effects associated with haloperidol therapy.

4-(M-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium (McN-A-343) is a selective muscarinic M1 receptors agonist, which leads to its widespread use as an aid to distinguish responses mediated through M₁ receptors from those utilizing M₂ or M₃ muscarinic receptor subtypes, especially in the CNS. McN-A-343 has a number of non-muscarinic actions. These include activation of some types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, antagonism of serotonin 5-HT₃ and 5-HT₄ receptor subtypes, inhibition of the uptake mechanism and a local anesthetic action.