6α-Hydroxyestradiol is one of major metabolites of endogenous estrogens, as well as a positional isomer of estriol. Transformation of estradiol to 6α-Hydroxyestradiol is a major metabolic pathway of estradiol in the liver. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the major enzymes catalyzing the 6α-Hydroxyestradiol of estradiol.

17α-Epiestriol (17-epiestriol, 16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol or estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol) is the 17α-epimer of estriol, a minor hydroxylated estradiol metabolite and a selective estrogen receptor (ER) beta agonist. 17α-Epiestriol is described as a relatively weak estrogen, which is in accordance with its relatively low affinity for the ERα. 17α-Epiestriol has been found to be approximately 400-fold more potent than estradiol in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in vitro.

Epicinchonine is a Cinchona alkaloids quinine. It is the 9-epimer of antimalarial Cinchonidine. This 9-epimer is practically inactive.

Cupric oxalate is used as a catalyst for organic reactions and in seed treatment as a repellent for birds and rodents. Cupric oxalate is on the Hazardous substance list, it may cause liver damage, allergy, irritation, etc.

N’-(desmethyl)azithromycin (CP-64434 hydrate) is the metabolite of azithromycin. Azithromycin is an effective therapeutic agent for oral treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and skin and skin structure infections. 0.1 and 7.6% of azithromycin dose are excreted as N’-(desmethyl)azithromycin during a day in urine and feces, respectively. 2.9% of dose - biliary excretion.

Spiramycin 1 Acetate is a member of the Spiramycin macrolide family of bacterio static antibiotic compounds. The family of compounds was originally isolated from cultures of Streptomyces ambofaciens, a soil bacteria native to northern France. The mixture of Spiromycines has been separated into three classes I, II, III, which each have unique structural differences. The namesake compound spiramycin (aka Spiramycin Acetate in Japan) is approved for use as an antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive cocci and rods, Gram-negative cocci and Legionellae, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae, spirochetes, Toxoplasma gondii and some species of Cryptosporidium.

Norcyclobenzaprine (aka desmethylcyclobenzaprine) is one of the major metabolites of cyclobenzaprine which is a muscle relaxant marketed under the brand name Flexeril. Both cyclobenzaprine and norcyclobenzaprine are known to be potent antagonists of the serotonin 2a receptor.

Cis-Difethialone is an anticoagulant used as a rodenticide. For difenacoum commercial formulations, the cis-isomer is the major form and the trans-isomer is the minor form. Cis-Difethialone inhibit the subunit 1 of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex this leads to block the formation of the active form of vitamin K, which in turn inhibits the hepatic production of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. Difethialone is not approved for use in Europe but is still used elsewhere.

Manganese fumarate (Mn fumarate) is a fumaric acid manganous salt. It can be used in poultry diets as more bioavailable than Mn in inorganic form.