p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. An aromatic sulfonic acid, often used as a strong acid catalyst. p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate has been used as a reducing agent for the reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes. In the presence of p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate novel deazaflavin-cholestane hybrid compounds have been synthesized in a condensation reaction. 2-Phenylethyl alpha-glucoside has also been synthesized in the presence of p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate. p-toluenesulfonic acid esters, are a common class of reagents used in the pharmaceutical industry as alkylating agents, catalysts, and in purification steps of the chemical synthesis of a drug substance.

(Z)-Guggulsterone is a natural product that lowers cholesterol due to its function as an antagonist ligand for the bile acid receptor. (Z)-Guggulsterone is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates the transcription of several genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and plays a role in cholesterol level regulation. (Z)-Guggulsterone is also a selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulator. Both Guggulsterone isomers were demonstrated to suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation. GS has medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, muscle relaxing, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity, antimycobacterial, antischistomal, larvicidal, and molluscicida.

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily biodegradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Its ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:ln9) and erucic acid (22:1n9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression. While studies done on laboratory animals in the early 1970s show that erucic acid appears to have toxic effects on the heart at high enough doses, an association between the consumption of rapeseed oil and increased myocardial lipidosis, or heart disease, has not been established for humans. While there are reports of toxicity from long-term use of Lorenzo's oil (which contains erucic acid and other ingredients), there are no reports of harm to people from dietary consumption of erucic acid. In 2003, Food Standards Australia set a provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for an average adult of about 500 mg/day of erucic acid, extrapolated based on "the level that is associated with increased myocardial lipidosis in nursing pigs."

Epiquinine is a stereoisomer of quinine, antimalarial alkoloid from the bark of a cinchona tree. Quinine was over 100 times more active than epiquinine against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and over 10 times more active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. Intra-erythrocytically active anti-malarial quinine acts by binding to haematin, blocking beta-haematin formation (while the anti-malarially inactive epiquinine had no effect on the reaction, however as quinine epiquinine was reported to bind ferriprotoporphyrin IX) and leaving toxic haematin in the parasite food vacuoles. Distinguishing features of the weakly active epiquinine include a higher dipole moment, a different direction of the electric field, a greater intrinsic nucleophilicity, lower acidity of the hydroxyl proton, a lesser electron affinity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and a higher proton affinity than the active cinchona alkaloids. Epiquinine has little inhibitory effect toward peroxidative destruction of haem.

Copper selenite is used as a catalyst in the Kjeldahl digestion of nitrogenous materials.

There is not much information related to the S isomer of nisoxetine. It is known, that (S)-nisoxetine is 20 times less active than R-enantiomer. And that racemic nisoxetine currently doesn’t have any clinical application in spite of had been researched as an antidepressant.

(R)-nisoxetine, an enantiomer of nisoxetine, is the potent and selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor. Racemic nisoxetine doesn’t have any clinical application but had been researched as an antidepressant and its activity for NET resides mainly in the R-isomer.

Palitantin is an antifungal and antiprotozoal compound used in biochemical research. Palitantin was first isolated as a metabolite of Penicillium palitaus by Birkinshaw and Raistrick in 1936. Palitantin possess moderate antimycobacterial activity.

Magnesium formate is a magnesium salt of formic acid. It has been used in studies to develop a multiresidue method for determining pesticides in fruits and vegetables, as well as for the simultaneous determination of tropane alkaloids and glycoalkaloids in grains and seeds. Used for crystallization.

There is no information about biological or medical application of ferrous oxalate. But is known, this substance is an insoluble in water.