RO-31-8220 is a cell-permeable staurosporine analog, that shows potent inhibition of PKC α, PKC βI, PKC βII, PKC γ, and PKC ε. Ro 31-8220 also inhibits MSK1, MAPKAPK1, RSK, GSK3β, and S6K1 with a potency similar to that for PKC. Ro 31-8220 alters cellular protein kinase C localization and potently inhibits the growth of A549 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 0.78 μM and 0.897 μM, respectively. RO 31-8220 enhances epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in catecholamine hypo-responsive platelets by enhancing Akt phosphorylation. Ro 31-8220 significantly decreases apoE secretion from primary human macrophages by inhibiting vesicular transport of apoE to the plasma membrane without significantly affecting apoE mRNA or apoE protein levels.

L-Abrine (N-Methyl-L-Tryptophan) is an indoleamino acid produced by Abrus precatoriu that shows radical scavenging and antioxidant properties in vitro. Abrin is a toxic protein produced by the ornamental plant Abrus precatorius, and it is of concern as a biothreat agent. The small coextracting molecule N-methyl-L-tryptophan (L-abrine) is specific to members of the genus Abrus and L-Abrine concentrations in A. precatorius seeds is greater than the abrin concentrations reported in seeds. L-Abrine is found only in plants of the genus Abrus, which are used medicinally but not as food. Therefore, the presence of L-abrine is a reliable and specific indicator for the presence of abrin in food products.

Lavendustin A is a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-associated tyrosine kinase; it does not inhibit protein kinase A or C. It was shown, that lavendustin A inhibited histamine release from human mast cell line.

Laudanosine, a potentially epileptogenic metabolite of the neuromuscular relaxant atracurium besylate with potentially toxic effects. Laudanosine is a non-competitive and voltage-dependent inhibitor of alpha7, alpha4beta2 or alpha4beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, opioid mu 1 type receptors and possesses a low-affinity to the GABA receptors, but didn’t interact with the benzodiazepine or muscarinic receptors.

KT5823 is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. It was shown that KT5823 would serve as a valuable pharmacological reagent to uncover mechanisms underlying differential Na+/I− symporter regulation between thyroid and breast cancer cells at multiple levels.

KN-62 (1-[N,O-Bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine) is an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaM kinase II). In addition, it acts as an antagonist of the P2X7 receptor.

Muscarine or muscarin, a water-soluble toxin, which initially was isolated from the mushroom species Amanita muscar. Muscarine mimics the action of the acetylcholine by binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and acts as an agonist.

Nitrothal-isopropyl is a fungicide, used, usually in combination with other fungicides, to control fungal pathogens on a variety of crops including fruit and vegetables. Nitrothal-isopropyl is registered for use in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand but it is not registered by the USA. Nitrothal-isopropyl is protectively active against powdery mildews and used in combination with sulphur or metiram in apples. Combinations of nitrothal-isopropyl with tridemorph greatly increased the effectiveness against Erysiphe cichoracearum on melons. Nitrothal-isopropyl is a selective fungicide applied towards control of the development of many side effects of diseases caused by microorganisms in plant breeding of agricultural crops. It has been applied for the control of Podosphaera leucotricha in apple trees, Phytophthora infestans in tomato and potato, and Septoria apii in celery as well as Bremia lactucae in lettuce cultivation. Nitrothal-isopropyl is also applied as a seed treatment, in order to combat diseases of vegetable and ornamental plants. It is used in forestry for diseases causing needles drooping as well. In humans NT can cause eyes, skin, and respiration system irritation. Nitrothal-isopropyl is classified as a third-class toxicity pesticide for mammals.

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside (X-GAL) is a chromogenic substrate for β-Galactosidase that forms an intense blue precipitate. X-gal staining is a rapid and convenient histochemical technique used to detect reporter gene expression. It can be used in molecular biology to detect the gal gene product, and also in microbiology where it is used to detect microorganisms which have β-Galactosidase activity (usually coliforms).

N,N-Diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine (N-Allyl-N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl] prop-2-en-1- amine, 5-MeO-DALT) is a psychedelic tryptamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. N,N-Diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine is used as a hallucinogenic drug has been reported only occasionally in online user fora. It is controlled in only a few countries worldwide. There is little scientifically-based literature on the pharmacological, physiological, psychopharmacological, toxicological and epidemiological characteristics of 5-MeO-DALT. Most of the information published on the effects of 5-MeO-DALT is derived from first-hand personal accounts presented in discussion fora. User reports suggest that its effects are felt within 15 min of being taken orally, and its full effects within 30 min. User reports on 5-MeO-DALT state rapid, strong entheogenic effect, euphoric, sensual, energised bodies, visual hallucinations (similar to those experienced with MDMA), loss of control of limbs making walking difficult, and ‘out of body’ type experience Acute mental effects reported include: increased alertness and awareness, increased arousal, and agitation.