Thiophanate methyl is an approved EU fungicide used widely to control fungal diseases on crops. It has a low aqueous solubility, low volatility and tends not to be persistent in soil or water systems. It has a low mammalian toxicity, however it is an irritant, a skin sensitiser and may also be mutagen. It is moderately toxic to most aquatic organisms and earthworms but less so to birds and honeybees.

Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is an algicide and herbicide of the phenylurea class that inhibits photosynthesis. Diuron blocks the plastoquinone binding site of photosystem II, disallowing the electron flow from where it is generated, in photosystem II, to plastoquinone. This interrupts the photosynthetic electron transport chain in photosynthesis and thus reduces the ability of the plant to turn light energy into chemical energy (ATP and reductant potential). Diuron only blocks electron flow from photosystem II, it has no effect on photosystem I or other reactions in photosynthesis, such as light absorption or carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. However, because it absorbs electrons oxidized from water in PS II, the electron "hole" of PS I cannot be satisfied, effectively shutting down "linear" photosynthesis by blocking the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. Diuron is generally persistent in soil, water and groundwater. It is also slightly toxic to mammals and birds as well as moderately toxic to aquatic invertebrates. However, its principal product of biodegradation, 3,4-dichloroaniline exhibits a higher toxicity and is also persistent in soil, water, and groundwater. Thus, diuron indirectly possesses a significant amount of toxicity and could be a potential poisoning pesticide contaminant of groundwater. Unfortunately, groundwater contamination will still persist despite the progressive suppression of diuron (Directive 200/60/CE). Therefore, determining the main factors influencing its degradation and its ecotoxicological effects on the environment and health could provide a basis for further development of bioremediation processes.

Alternariol is the mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi. It occurs naturally in foodstuffs and is frequently found as contaminant in fruit and grain products. It forms reactive oxygen species and interacts with DNA topoisomerase, thereby generating both single- and double-strand DNA beaks. Alternariol demonstrated dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) enzymes extracted from whole and five different parts of male albino rat brains; namely: frontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata. In vitro studies have suggested that Alternariol may be linked to reduced immune response in case of infections and/or a disturbed balance of the adaptive immune system. Although the absorption appears to be relative low, it is nevertheless important to further clarify the mode of genotoxicity.

Cytochalasin A is a metabolite of the fungus Drechslera (previously Heiminthosporium) dematioideum. Cytochalasin A is effective as an inhibitor of the cytoskeletal reorganisation. Cytochalasin A is able to inhibit cell proliferation. Cytochalasin A exerts antibacterial action toward gram-positive bacteria. Cytochalasin A was active as an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.

Bornyl valerate (aka Bornyl Pentanoate) is indexed by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association of the United States (FEMA) and categorized as a spice. There has been little or no interest in studying the biological and pharmacological application of Bornyl valerate.

N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-methional also is known as calpain inhibitor II is a cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I, calpan II, cathepsin L and cathepsin B. In addition, it induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis-promoting caspase system.

Z-N-desmethyldoxepin is an active metabolite of doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant. Z-N-desmethyldoxepin appeared to be a terminal oxidative metabolite, in comparison with isomeric form E-N-desmethyl-doxepin, which is undergone further oxidation under the action of CYP2D6 activity.

Flutolanil is a systemic fungicide for use specifically against basidiomycetes. It inhibits the hyphal growth and infection cushion formation. It is effective against silver scurf, daylily rust, snow mold, yellow patch (R cerealis), southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis), fairy ring, all strains of brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani) and even Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi). Flutolanil is used in crops such as artichokes, beetroot, Brussel sprouts, etc. It has season-long efficacy when applied to seed potatoes. It can be applied to foliage, to soil, or paddy water and as a seed treatment. Flutolanil is extremely safe for both crops and operator. Biochemical mode of action of flutolanil seems to be inhibition of a succinate dehydrogenase complex, an important enzyme complex in the respiratory chain of basidiomycetous fungi but not of fungi in other classes.

2-Furamide is a toxic furan derivative. Intraperitoneal administration to mice at causes significant liver damage observed as centrilobular necrosis at doses 1.4-2.6 mmol/kg in mice.

Anandamide, an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter, acts as a ligand of the cannabinoid receptors. It possesses anti-proliferative effect which was accompanied by a reduction of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Anandamide also possesses the positive effects on eating behavior and motivation in mice. Recently was discovered, that anandamide reduced cryocapacitation and improved post-thaw sperm quality in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).