Hexamethylquercetagetin is found in citrus. Hexamethylquercetagetin is isolated from the peel of Citrus species. Hexamethylquercetagetin inhibited M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC value of 179.1 uM.

Nimbin is the active compound from the neem leaf extract which is now being tested in silico as a potential remedy against tuberculosis and dengue virus. Recent studies have shown that the drug interacts with NS2B-NS3 protease from dengue virus and fatty acid synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nimbin can also be used as a pesticide.

Steviolbioside, 13-[(2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyrano syl)oxy]kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, is a bioactive nature sweetener, which is rare in Stevia rebaudiana leaves. It is also the main metabolite of the star sweetener rebaudioside A and its analogue stevioside, yet it can be used as an intermediate of some medications, which makes steviolbioside an important reagent in medical science in addition to a food additive. Steviolbioside has antituberculosis activity. Steviolbioside has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-1 Infection. Except for its antihyperglycaemic and antihypertensive effects, steviolbioside was found as a moderate antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37RV in vitro (MIC = 3.75 ug/ml), compared to that of stevioside (MIC = 7.5 ug/ml). The hydrolysis product steviolbioside presented higher cytoxicity on human normal cells (hepatocytes cell L02 and intestinal epithelial cell T84) than did its starting material stevioside. e. Compared to the typical chemotherapy agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), steviolbioside has a much lower cytotoxic effect on all assayed human normal cells, but it presented notable inhibition on Hep3B, human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and human pancreatic cancer cell BxPC-3. The inhibition rate on MDA-MB-231 of steviolbioside was 50% of that of 5-FU, which implies a hopeful potential remedy for human breast cancer.

Isobutol (trade name ISOETAM) is a salt of ethambutol and isoniazid methanesulfonate with tuberculostatic and bacteriostatic action. The purpose of this combination is to keep the strong anti-microbic activity of isoniazid in the manner where ethambutol would delay the appearance of resistance.

Nidulin is a depsidone produced by several fungal species with potent and selective antibacterial activity. Nidulin revealed a potent aromatase inhibitory activity.

Palitantin is an antifungal and antiprotozoal compound used in biochemical research. Palitantin was first isolated as a metabolite of Penicillium palitaus by Birkinshaw and Raistrick in 1936. Palitantin possess moderate antimycobacterial activity.

Cyathocline purpurea has been traditionally used to treat various diseases including cancers for many years. However, these applications of C. purpurea have not been supported by pharmacological investigation. Santamarine is one of the active component isolated from C. purpurea. It was discovered that santamarin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, reduced iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO), suppressed COX-2 protein and reduced COX-derived PGE(2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, santamarin reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. In addition, santamarin suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α as well as the nuclear translocation of p65 in response to LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, santamarin induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression mRNA and protein level that plays a cytoprotective role against inflammation. Also was shown that santamarine inhibited the set of cancer cells. Recently was found, that santamarine possessed mycobactericidal activity against clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Reynosin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from roots of Saussrurea lappa, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Manglietiastrum sinicum, Ambrosia confertiflora and other plants. Reynosin showed inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by AA, by ADP, or by PAF, inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages, dose-dependent inhibition on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells. Reynosin demonstrated bactericidal activity agains clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Isobergapten is a furanocoumarin found in Heracleum maximum and grapefruit and can block the liver enzyme cytochrome P450, having interactions with some medications. Isobergapten is the principal constituents responsible for the antimycobacterial activity of the roots of Heracleum maximum.

Sodium aurothiomalate (also known as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. It was indicated in the treatment of selected cases of active rheumatoid arthritis—both adult and juvenile type. The greatest benefit occurs in the early active stage. In late stages of the illness when cartilage and bone damage have occurred, gold can only check the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and prevent further structural damage to joints. It cannot repair damage caused by previously active disease. Gold Sodium Thiomalate should be used only as one part of a complete program of therapy; alone it is not a complete treatment. The mode of action is unknown, but was found, that aurothiomalate is able to inhibit Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1 expression. mPGES-1 is a terminal enzyme in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its expression is upregulated during inflammation. mPGES-1 is considered as a potential drug target for the treatment of arthritis to reduce adverse effects related to the current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).