Zuclopenthixol is indicated the management of the manifestations of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses with disturbances in thinking, emotional reactions and behaviour. It is also used to treat the manic phase of manic depressive illness. Zuclopenthixol, a thioxanthene derivative, has high affinity for both dopamine D1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol also has high affinity for α1-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol (CLOPIXOL®) is avavilable in the form of tablets and solution for intramuscular injections.

Nemonapride, benzamide derivative (YM-09151-2) is essentially a typical antipsychotic drug, similar in structure to sulpiride. This drug was manufactured by Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals and released in Japan. The mechanism of action of nemonapride is not proven, but its unique antipsychotic effect arises from its selective binding to the dopamine D2 receptor family. Since nemonapride has high affinity for D3 and D4 dopamine receptors, it is conceivable that its effect on negative symptoms might result from blockade of these receptors. Animal studies have suggested that nemonapride has pharmacological features that are different from those of typical neuroleptics. The low extrapyramidal side effect profile of nemonapride treatment appears to coincide with the characteristic features of another benzamide derivative, remoxipride.

Spiperone (Spiroperidol; brand name: Spiropitan (JP)) is a typical antipsychotic and research chemical belonging to the butyrophenone chemical class. Spiperone is selective D2 dopamine receptor antagonist; α1B-adrenoceptor antagonist; mixed 5-HT2A/5-HT1 serotonin receptor antagonist. Additionally, spiperone was identified by compound screening to be an activator of Ca2+ activated Cl− channels (CaCCs), thus a potential target for therapy of cystic fibrosis. Spiperone is widely used as a pharmacological tool for studying neurotransmitter receptors.

Flupenthixol is a thioxanthene antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychoses, with the exception of mania and psychomotor hyperactivity due to an activating effect associated with this drug. It may also be employed as an antidepressant. Flupenthixol has a wide range of pharmacological actions. Flupenthixol blocks dopaminergic receptors, thus interfering with dopaminergic transmission in the brain. Flupenthixol also inhibits serotonin 5-HT, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Thioproperazine is a potent neuroleptic with antipsychotic properties. Thioproperazine has a marked cataleptic and antiapomorphine activity associated with relatively slight sedative, hypothermic and spasmolytic effects. It is virtually without antiserotonin and hypotensive action and has no antihistaminic property. It is used for the treatment of all types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic syndromes. Overdosage may result in severe extrapyramidal symptoms with dysphagia, marked sialorrhea, persistent and rapidly increasing hyperthermia, pulmonary syndrome, state of shock with pallor and profuse sweating, which may be followed by collapse and coma.

Perospirone (Lullan®) is an atypical antipsychotic of the azapirone family. It is used in Japan for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute cases of bipolar mania. Its primary mode of action is through antagonism of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors.

Sultopride (trade names Barnetil, Barnotil, Topral) is an atypical antipsychotic of the benzamide chemical class used in Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong for the treatment of schizophrenia. It was launched by Sanofi-Aventis in 1976. Sultopride acts as a selective D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. It has also been shown to have clinically relevant affinity for the GHB receptor as well, a property it shares in common with amisulpride and sulpiride.

Remoxipride is a substituted benzamide. It is a weak, but relatively selective, central dopamine D2-receptor antagonist and appears to have preferential affinity for extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptors. It also has marked affinity for central sigma receptors. It was introduced by Astra (Roxiam) at the end of the eighties and was prescribed as an atypical antipsychotic. Remoxipride was withdrawn from the market worldwide by Astra because of several cases of aplastic anaemia associated with the drug.

Pyridoxamine (PM) is one of three natural forms of vitamin B6. It is a critical transient intermediate in catalysis of transamination reactions by vitamin B6-dependent enzymes. In preclinical or clinical trials PM has demonstrated pharmacological potential for treatment of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and hyperlipidemia, and for use in kidney stone preventive therapies. Although its precise mode of action in vivo is not yet clear, it is likely that at least three mechanisms are at play: inhibition of post-Amadori steps of the Maillard reaction; scavenging of reactive carbonyl compounds; and inhibition of toxic effects of ROS. Pyridoxamine was marketed as a dietary supplement, often as the hydrochloride salt, pyridoxamine dihydrochloride. However, in the United States, the FDA ruled in January 2009 that pyridoxamine must be regulated as a pharmaceutical drug because it is the active ingredient in Pyridorin, a drug designed to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Periciazine (INN), also known as pericyazine (BAN) or Propericiazine, is a drug that belongs to the phenothiazine class of typical antipsychotics. Pericyazine is not approved for sale in the United States. It is commonly sold in Canada and Russia under the tradename Neuleptil and in the United Kingdom and Australia under the tradename Neulactil. The primary uses of pericyazine include the short-term treatment of severe anxiety or tension and in the maintenance treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether periciazine is more or less effective than other antipsychotics. Pericyazine is a rather sedating and anticholinergic antipsychotic, and despite being classed with the typical antipsychotics, its risk of extrapyramidal side effects is comparatively low. It has a relatively high risk of causing hyperprolactinemia and a moderate risk of causing weight gain and orthostatic hypotension.