Dipyrone, also known as Metamizole (INN), is an ampyrone sulfonate analgesic, antispasmodic and antipyretic. It was withdrawn from US market in 1977 on the basis of reports of agranulocytosis. Depyrone is still used to treat severe and diffucult for relieving pains of different origin; headache, tooth-ache, pains in the joints, muscles, following traumas and operations, gall and kidney colics, neurites, neuralgias, traumatic cerebrasthenia; inflammation of upper respiratory ways of microbial or virus origin; chorea; febrile states. Mechanism of action of dipyrone is complex. It is believed that dipyrone exerts its action by inhibiting COX-3, and activates opioid and cannabioid systems either itself, or by products of its metabolic degradation.

Prifinium bromide is antimuscarinic drug, which has antispasmodic, antiemetic effect. Prifinium bromideis approved for pain relief in Russia, Indonesia, Iraq, Tunisia and other countries.

Cilnidipine (FRC-8653) is a dihydropyridine (DHP) type of calcium channel antagonist. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockade by cilnidipine affects predominantly vascular smooth muscle, thereby producing vasodilation of peripheral resistance vessels and coronary arteries. The blockade of N-type Ca2+ channels affects predominantly peripheral nerve endings of sympathetic neurons, thereby dilating blood vessels by lowering plasma catecholamine levels. Furthermore, renoprotective and neuroprotective effects as well as cardioprotective action of cilnidipine have been demonstrated in clinical practice or animal examinations. Cilnidipine was originated by Fuji & Rebio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and developed jointly with Ajinomoto for the treatment of hypertension. Cilnidipine has been launched in Japan.

Alminoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. It has anti-inflammatory properties different from the classical NSAID. Alminoprofen possesses both antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and anti-cycloxygenase (COX) activity.

Bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4) is a homologue to phenacetin and is used instead of phenacetin as an analgesic drug because of its lower toxicity than that of phenacetin, despite having equivalent analgesic activity when used at an appropriate dose. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion.

Bucetin [(3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidide) CAS: 1083-57-4) is a homologue to phenacetin and is used instead of phenacetin as an analgesic drug because of its lower toxicity than that of phenacetin, despite having equivalent analgesic activity when used at an appropriate dose. Dysplastic lesions of the proximal tubules were frequently seen in the males given bucetin in a dose-related fashion.

Cilnidipine (FRC-8653) is a dihydropyridine (DHP) type of calcium channel antagonist. The L-type Ca2+ channel blockade by cilnidipine affects predominantly vascular smooth muscle, thereby producing vasodilation of peripheral resistance vessels and coronary arteries. The blockade of N-type Ca2+ channels affects predominantly peripheral nerve endings of sympathetic neurons, thereby dilating blood vessels by lowering plasma catecholamine levels. Furthermore, renoprotective and neuroprotective effects as well as cardioprotective action of cilnidipine have been demonstrated in clinical practice or animal examinations. Cilnidipine was originated by Fuji & Rebio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and developed jointly with Ajinomoto for the treatment of hypertension. Cilnidipine has been launched in Japan.

Dipipanone are indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain in medical and surgical conditions in which morphine may be indicated. Dipipanone is related to methadone and can be substituted for assorted opioids. The severe or irreversible adverse effects of Dipipanone, which give rise to further complications, include hypotension, hypotension, hependence, agranulocytosis, ischemic colitis, generalized chorea, hypersensitivity hepatitis. It may interact badly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which are substances found in some antidepressants and other medication.

Levorphanol Sulfate (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is one of two enantiomers of the compound racemorphan and was first described in Germany in 1948 and approved for use in the United States in 1953 as an orally active, morphine-like analgesic. Levorphanol is approved for use in moderate to severe pain where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. Levorphanol has a wide range of activities including mu-opioid agonism, delta agonism, kappa1 and kappa3 receptor agonism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism and reuptake inhibition of both norepinephrine and serotonin. This multimodal profile might prove effective for pain syndromes that are refractory to other opioid analgesics, such as central and neuropathic pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Levorphanol is well suited as a first-line opioid and can also be used during opioid rotation. It has no known effect on the cardiac QT interval or drug-drug interactions involving hepatic cytochrome P450s enzymes. In these regards, levorphanol may offer a superior safety profile over methadone and other long-acting opioids. Despite its prospective value of multiple mechanisms of action and the potential for treating various types of pain, levorphanol use has been largely supplanted by other recently approved opioids. Its waning use over the years has caused it to be referred to as the “Forgotten Opioid” and resulted in what some consider its underutilization. In fact, levorphanol is relatively unfamiliar to most prescribers.

Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine. dihydromorphine is a moderately strong analgesic and is used clinically in the treatment of pain and is also the active metabolite of dihydrocodeine. Dihydromorphine acts as an agonist at the μ-opioid (mu), δ-opioid (delta) and κ-opioid (kappa) receptors. Dihydromorphone is approved for clinical use in the United States, Europe, and Japan; and sold under the brand name Dilaudid. Similar to morphine, and other morphine derivatives, hydromorphone has a high potential for addiction and abuse and is listed as a Schedule II drug in the United States Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (and similarly regulated in other countries).