Verticine is a steroidal alkaloid compound extracted from the Fritillaria species of medicinal plants. Verticine was not only able to block the Nav1.7 ion channel but also preferably inhibited the Kv1.3 ion channel. It inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS through blocking MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Verticine inhibited the hERG peak tail currents in a concentration dependent manner. Verticine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antihypertensive and pain suppression properties.

Friedelin is a natural compound with promising proprieties. On its own or with chemical modification it is possible to introduce relevant biological activities, e.g. anti-cancer, anti-aging and agrochemical. Its availability in significant amounts has been a major drawback on its regular use and in the pursuit of different applications. Cork and cork-derived materials (e.g. black condensate) are the most relevant sources of Friedelin in nature (up to 10% in concentration). Friedelin has being shown to possess marked antioxidant and liver protective effects. Friedelin has also being demonstrated to possess potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

EO 1428 is a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinases alpha and beta, that displays no activity at p38 gamma, p38 delta, ERK1/2 and JNK1. It was developed by Leo Pharmaceutical as a topical anti-inflammatory agent. It also inhibits inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10

Gallein is an inhibitor of G protein beta gamma subunit signaling. It exerts antineoplastic action in vitro and anti-inflammatory action in vivo. Gallein may be used in histological staining.

Genipin is an aglycone derived from an iridoid glycoside called Geniposide (structure on the bottom) present in fruit of Gardenia jasmindides Ellis. Genipin have been demonstrated to have diverse pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects. Genipin is an excellent natural cross-linker for protein, collagen, gelatin, and chitosan cross-linking and can be considered as a substitute for glutaraldehyde. Due to cross-linking properties genipin can be used in controlling drug delivery. In addition genipin exerts choleretic action.

Songorine is a diterpenoid alkaloid which can be isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiolytic and the ability to promote wound healing. The Anti-anxiolytic properties appear to be linked to the agonistic activity of the Dopamine D2 receptor as shown in rat hippocampal slices. The wound healing effect is the result of songorine's ability to stimulate the development of mesenchymal progenitor cells, although the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.

Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a potent member of triterpenoid family isolated from plants, has been confirmed as an antitumor agent by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and metastasis in diverse cancer. Cucurbitacin E nhibits OS tumor growth and invasion through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CuE can be considered to be a promising anticancer agent for OS. Cucurbitacin E exerts anti-inflammatory actions. It inhibited both COX enzymes with more selectivity toward COX-2. CuE has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties mediated by its action on the cellular cytoskeleton, on mitotic pathways as well as on cellular autophagy.

JWH-018 is a full agonist synthetic cannabinoid with a high binding affinity to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. JWH-018 has not been used in therapy. Many of the risks linked to cannabis use are also present in the case of JWH-018, among them complications in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and triggering of acute psychosis. JWH-018 has not been used in therapy. Studies in mice showed anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive properties of JWH-018.

Kalopanaxsaponin B is the main component of stem bark of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (KP, family Araliaceae), which has been used for inflammation in Chinese traditional medicine. Kalopanaxsaponin B also exhibits pro-cognitive action in mouse models of memory deficit.

Angoroside C is a potential anti-inflammatory compound. Inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 release in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Shows potent antioxidative activity in reducing the oxidized OH adducts of dAMP and dGMP. Reveals some trypanocidal potential.