Solasonine, a known glycoalkaloid, is a potential anti-cancer agent. Solasonine is a component of Curaderm BEC5 indicated for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous superficial squamous cell carcinoma. BEC is a standardized mixture of Solamargine (33%), Solasonine (33%) and di-and monoglycosides of solasodine (34%) extracted from S. sodomaeum, now reclassified as S. linnaeanum. Solasonine could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and colony formation of glioma cells. Treatment of solasonine induced apoptosis via modulating cytochrome c and caspase signaling. Besides, solasonine decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators and nuclear translocalization of NF-κB p50/p65. Mechanistic investigation further revealed that solasonine may target anti-inflammatory signaling pathway, and more specifically p-p38 and p-JNK MAPKs.

Avenanthramides are a group of phenolic alkaloids found mainly in oats, but also in butterfly eggs (Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae), and fungal infected carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). Avenanthramides demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-itch, anti-irritant, and antiatherogenic activities. Avenanthramide is considered the active component in a number of skin care products based on colloidal oatmeal; a traditional treatment which was approved by the FDA in 2003. Dietary supplementation with foods enriched in Avenantramides has been studied for the potential to reduce systemic inflammation. Avenanthramides have also been studied in cell models for osteoporosis and cancer.

Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs, first isolated by Asahina and Kashiwaki. Among the active components of evodia are quinolone and indoloquinazoline alkaloids, such as evodiamine and rutaecarpine. A significant portion of the analgesic effects of evodia is attributed to these alkaloids. Rutaecarpine has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory action that is related to inhibition of COX-2, as well as other mechanisms. Evodia rutaecarpa ('Wu-Chu-Yu') remains the most popular and multi-purpose herb traditionally used in China for treatment of headache, abdominal pain, postpartum hemorrhage, dysentery and amenorrhea. Rutaecarpine is one of the main active component isolated from 'Wu-Chu-Yu'. Rutaecarpine has been shown to have cardiovascular biological effects such as inotropic and chronotropic, vasorelaxant, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, rutaecarpine has the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent with a novel mechanism. Rutaecarpine prevents hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced myocardial cell apoptosis via inhibition of NADPH oxidases. Also was shown, that rutaecarpine could be effective in preventing the growth of a variety of cancer cells, including downregulating the estrogen receptor of breast cancer.

Diamminedichlorodihydroxyplatinum IV is the platinum-based antineoplasticis agent. Oxaliplatin is cis, cis, trans- isomer of Diamminedichlorodihydroxyplatinum IV. Oxaliplatin show high stability and therefore can be utilized orally for outpatient care. Although oxoplatin is capable of binding directly to DNA after prolonged incubation, platinum(IV) agents are considered to be largely inert prodrugs that are converted to highly cytotoxic platinum(II) compounds by reducing substances, enzymes, or microenvironmental conditions. Reaction of oxoplatin with 0.1 M hydrogen chloride mimicking gastric acid yields cis-diammine-tetrachlorido-platinum(IV) (DATCP[IV]), which exhibits two-fold increased activity. The oxoplatin metabolite DATCP(IV) constitutes a potent cytotoxic derivative that may be produced by gastric acid or acidic areas prevailing in larger solid tumors, depending on the respective pharmaceutical formulation of oxoplatin.

Chloropyramine is an antagonist of H1 histamine receptors. It is indicated for the treatment of various forms of allergic reactions. Chloropyramine is a drug capable of (1) inhibiting the biochemical function of VEGFR-3 and FAK, (2) inhibiting proliferation of a diverse set of cancer cell types in vitro, and (3) reducing tumor growth in vivo.

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a pyrethroid insecticide and veterinary treatment that is approved for use in the EU, Australia and the USA. It has a low aqueous solubility, is semi-volatile and has a low potential to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil and is non-mobile. Deltamethrin is highly toxic to humans and other mammals and is a neurotoxin. It is relatively non-toxic to birds and earthworms although it presents a high risk to most aquatic organisms and honeybees. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the deltamethrin have the potential to induce apoptogenic signaling pathways which plays an important role in the mechanism of anticancer action. Thus, deltamethrin thereof could have the potential to develop as an anticancer agent.

Apramycin is a broad-spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces tenebrarius. It has a bactericidal action against many gram-negative bacteria. Apramycin is a structurally unique antibiotic that contains a bicyclic sugar moiety and a monosubstituted deoxystreptamine. It is not approved for use in humans. Apramycin is registered for use in more than twenty countries in cattle, pigs and chickens. The drug exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting protein synthesis at the level of peptidyl translocation. It is mostly used for treating gastrointestinal infections. Apramycin is available in soluble powder and feed premix formulations.

Fendiline or Sensit (N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-(1-phenylethyl)-amine), is a diphenylalkylamine blocker of L-type calcium channels. Fendiline is an anti-anginal agent for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Pharmaco-dynamically, it exerts the typical calcium as well as calmodulin antagonistic actions: inhibition of the transmembrane calcium current, smooth muscle relaxation, negative inotropism, cardioprotection, inhibition of calmodulin-activated myosin light-chain kinase and phosphodiesterase. Pharmacokinetics reveal slow onset of action and a long half-life. The anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic efficacy of fendiline has been proven in several placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Fendiline is an FDA-approved, albeit now clinically obsolete. Additionally, fendiline is a specific inhibitor of K-Ras plasma membrane localization that also inhibits K-Ras signal output and blocks the proliferation of K-Ras-transformed tumor cells.

Amygdalin is a naturally occurring cyanogenic glycoside derived from nuts, plants, and the pits of certain fruits, primarily apricots. Bitter almonds containing amygdalin are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to remove “blood stasis” and to treat abscesses. Amygdalin was first used as a cancer treatment in Russia in 1845, and in the United States in the 1920s. Laetrile is another name for the natural product amygdalin. Hydrogen cyanide is thought to be the main anticancer compound formed from laetrile (Amygdalin) via in situ release. Cyanide from the hydrolysis of amygdalin is believed to be cytotoxic with actions selective against cancerous cells, but results from animal studies were mostly negative. Other animal studies suggest it may help to relieve pain due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. One study suggested amygdalin can inhibit tumor growth, but subsequent tests were unable to confirm this observation. Laetrile (Amygdalin) has shown little anticancer activity in animal studies and no anticancer activity in human clinical trials. In 1970, an IND application to study laetrile was filed by the McNaughton Foundation (San Ysidro, California). This request was initially approved but later rejected because preclinical evidence in animals showed that laetrile was not likely to be effective as an anticancer agent. The side effects associated with laetrile toxicity mirror the symptoms of cyanide poisoning, including liver damage, difficulty walking (caused by damaged nerves), fever, coma, and death. Laetrile (Amygdalin) is not approved for use in the United States.

Azetepa is an alkylating agent. It has been studied in the treatment of malignant tumors.