U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT00460577: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Acute Bronchial Obstruction, Asthma
(2007)
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)



Fenoterol is a beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist, used as a bronchodilator for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasms, associated with asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease, including bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Fenoterol is also used for tocolysis during premature labor. Marketing of fenoterol for treatment of asthma was suspended in Australia and New Zealand because of an increased risk of deaths, most likely due to excessive self-administration of the drug.
Acefylline is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class. It acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acephylline piperazine is a theophylline derivative with a direct bronchodilator action. It has the advantages over theophylline in being far less toxic and producing minimal gastric irritation. It is indicated for the treatment of asthma, emphysema, acute and chronic bronchitis associated with bronchospasm.Acefylline relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm & has a stimulant effect on respiration. It stimulates the myocardium & central nervous system, decreases peripheral resistance & venous pressure & causes diuresis. The mechanism of action is still not clear, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with a resulting increase in intracellular cyclic AMP does occur, but not apparently at concentrations normally used for clinical effect. Other proposed mechanisms of action include adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism & effects on intracellular calcium. Sodium phenobarbital is a non-selective central nervous system depressant that is primarily used as sedative-hypnotic.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Canada:P-TERT-PENTYLPHENOL
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



4-tert-Pentylphenol (4-tert-Amylphenol) is used to make phenolic resins (novolaks and resoles), which are used in paints and varnishes and as printing ink resins. The ethoxylated novolaks are used as oil field demulsifiers. Because of the high cost of 4-tert-pentylphenol, which is related to the high cost of the starting material, many of the resin applications have been reformulated using 4-tertbutylphenol. The substance is also used as a germicide in cleaning solutions, although it is being replaced by quaternary ammonium salts. Kegley et al. (2007) confirm that both the substance and its potassium and sodium salts are antimicrobial or fungicidal active ingredients of several disinfectant products that are currently registered with the US authorities. It appears that some of these products are used in animal husbandry, including the control of highly infectious diseases such as avian influenza (US EPA, 2007d). 4-tert-Amylphenol was used as an esterogen receptor (ER) ligand.