Cefpirome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefpirome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Cefpirome is an injectable extended-spectrum or 'fourth generation' cephalosporin. Its antibacterial activity encompasses many of the pathogens involved in hospital-acquired infections such as Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci. Cefpirome also has in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae regardless of penicillin susceptibility. It is stable against most plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, with the exception of the extended-spectrum plasmid-mediated SHV enzymes. Intravenous cefpirome 2g twice daily has shown clinical efficacy comparable to that of ceftazidime 2g 3 times daily in the treatment of hospitalised patients with moderate to severe infections. Clinical response and bacteriological eradication rates were similar in patients with severe pneumonia or septicaemia treated with either cefpirome or ceftazidime. Cefpirome appeared more effective than ceftazidime in the eradication of bacteria in patients with febrile neutropenia in 1 study; however, clinical response rates were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The tolerability of cefpirome appears similar to that of ceftazidime and other third generation cephalosporins, diarrhoea being the most frequently observed event. Thus, cefpirome is likely to be a valuable extended-spectrum agent for the treatment of severe infections. Cefpirome offers improved coverage against some Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae producing class I beta-lactamases compared with the third generation cephalosporins, although this has yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials.

Sulfaethoxypyridazine an antibacterial sulfonamide compound. It is veterinary use only against bacterial infections, such as fowl cholera and salmonella infection.

DODICIN (Tego-51), one of the amphoteric surfactants based on the dodecyl-di( aminoethyl)-glycine, has been considered as an effctive disinfectant having a broad specturn of antimicrobial activity. Tego-51 disinfectant was effective for the disinfection of commonly isolated bacteria and yeast from hospital. It may be recommended that Tego-51 should be used at concentration greater than 0.1% for the effective disinfection of skin, instruments and hospital floors.

Sulphathiourea (Badional) is short acting sulfonamide, belongs to antibacterial drugs

Tobicillin (TBPC) is an ester derivative of penicillin G. It is a beta-Lactam antibiotic, peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitor. TBPC was shown to be the effective antibiotic for the treatment of enterococcicosis in yellowtail.

Betamipron (BP) is an amino acid derivative that has benzoyl and carboxyl groups in its structure, and it also has very low toxicity in mammals (LD50 in the rat, more than 3,000 mg/kg, i.v.). BP is a renal anionic transport inhibitor and decreases nephrotoxicity caused by high doses of carbapenems, anionic drugs, by inhibiting the drug accumulation in the renal cortex. BP significantly inhibited organic anion uptake by human organic anion transporter 1 (human-OAT1) and human-OAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. Panipenem-betamipron is marketed as Carbenin® (Sankyo Company, Tokyo, Japan).

Isepamicin is an aminoglycoside antibacterial with properties similar to those of amikacin, but with better activity against strains producing type I 6'-acetyltransferase. The antibacterial spectrum includes Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. Anaerobes, Neisseriaceae and streptococci are resistant. The lower and upper break-points are 8 and 16 mg/L. Like other aminoglycosides, isepamicin exhibits a strong concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, a long post-antibiotic effect (several hours) and induces adaptive resistance. Isepamicin is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at a dosage of 15 mg/kg once daily or 7.5 mg/kg twice daily. Isepamicin is not bound to plasma proteins, and it distributes in extracellular fluids and into some cells (outer hair cells, kidney cortex) by active transport. Isepamicin has been developed and approved for clinical use in the 1990s.

Benzyldimethyl(2-(2-((4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-O-Tolyl)Oxy)Ethoxy)Ethyl)Ammonium colloquially known as Methylbenzethonium Chloride has been used in the study stem cell death-inducing small molecules as well as anti-leishmanial activity. It is a component of the pharmaceutical preparation 'Leshctan' antibacterial ointment in Isreal.

Fleroxacin is an anti-bacterial agent developed for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women, uncomplicated gonococcal infections, bacterial enteritis, and traveler's diarrea, urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, skin, soft tissue, bone and joint infections, and lower respiratory tract infections. Fleroxacin acts on bacterials by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Although the current status of the drug in Europe and in the USA is unknown, there is information about its approval and usage in China.

Sulfamoxole is a sulfonamide antibacterial compound. Sulfamoxole is a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. Sulfamoxole alone or in combination with trimethoprim is used for the treatment of susceptible infections.