Vidofludimus (SC12267; 4SC-101) is a novel oral immunomodulator inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL17A and IL17F) and interferon-gamma. This drug is in the clinical trial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and Rheumatoid arthritis.

SAR407899 is a potent, ATP-competitive Rho kinase inhibitor. It antihypertensive action in animals. Sanofi is developing SAR 407899 for the treatment of microvascular angina (Syndrome X). It was previously being developed in clinical trials for the treatment of diabetic neuropathies, diabetic nephropathies, erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, hypertension and kidney disorders, but development was discontinued for those indications.

TIC10 (TIC10 isomer or ONC201 isomer) is a potent, orally active, and stable small molecule and is an efficacious antitumor therapeutic agent that acts on tumor cells and their microenvironment to enhance the concentrations of the endogenous tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The isomeric structure of TIC10/ONC201 is critical to its activity: anti-cancer activity is associated with the angular structure and not the linear TIC10 isomer. TIC10 transcriptionally induces a sustained up-regulation TRAIL in tumors and normal cells in a p53-independent manner. TIC10 inactivates kinases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), leading to the translocation of Foxo3a into the nucleus, where it binds to the TRAIL promoter to up-regulate gene transcription. TIC10 crosses the blood-brain barrier. TIC10 treatment caused tumor regression in the HCT116 p53−/− xenograft, RKO human colon cancer xenograft–bearing mice and human triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and significantly prolonged the survival of Eμ-myc transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop metastatic lymphoma from weeks 9 to 12 of age by 4 weeks.

Filgotinib (GLPG0634) is a highly selective JAK1 inhibitor. GLPG0634 is a promising drug candidate for the future treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. It is in phase III clinical trials (initiated mid-2016) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Most common adverse events observed were infections, gastrointestinal disorders and nervous system disorders.

Omtriptolide (previously known as PG490-88 or F60008), an immunosuppressant that has been shown to be the safe and potent antitumor agent and it has been approved entry into Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of prostate cancer in the USA. In addition, the drug is participating in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Experiments on animals have shown omtriptolide was highly effective in the prevention of murine graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The immunosuppressive effect of the drug was mediated by inhibition of alloreactive T cell expansion through interleukin-2 production. However, this study was discontinued. Recently published article has shown omtriptolide possesses the potential as a prophylactic agent to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury.

Ipatasertib (LCL161) binds to inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) with high affinity and initiates the destruction of cIAP1 and cIAP2, which further induces apoptosis via caspase activation. Ipatasertib is advancing in clinical development including five Phase 2 trials in patients with Breast cancer, Multiple myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Small cell lung cancer and Ovarian cancer. The most common LCL161-related adverse events were nausea and vomiting.

BMS-582949 acts as a dual action kinase inhibitor. It inhibits both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activity and activation of p38. As a blocking agent for activation of p38 kinase BMS-582949 appeared to be well suited to resist such cellular responses that would drive p38 activation more strongly. BMS-582949 is in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis.

NLG919 is a novel small-molecule IDO-pathway inhibitor. NLG919 potently inhibits this pathway in vitro and in cell-based assays. It is orally bioavailable and has a favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile. In mice, a single oral administration of NLG919 reduces the concentration of plasma and tissue Kyn by ∼ 50%. Using IDO-expressing human monocyte-derived DCs in allogeneic MLR reactions, NLG919 potently blocked IDO-induced T cell suppression and restored robust T cell responses with an ED50=80 nM. Similarly, using IDO-expressing mouse DCs from tumor-draining lymph nodes, NLG919 abrogated IDO-induced suppression of antigen-specific T cells (OT-I) in vitro. In vivo, in mice bearing large established B16F10 tumors, administration of NLG919 markedly enhanced the anti-tumor responses of naïve, resting pmel-1 cells to vaccination with cognate hgp100 peptide plus CpG-1826 in IFA

AZD-3759 is an oral inhibitor of both wild-type and mutant EGFR with IC50 values in nanomolar range. The drug was discovered by AstraZeneca for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with CNS metastases. AZD-3759 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and was confirmed to be effective in vitro with NSCLC cell lines as well as in mouse model of brain metastases. AZD-3759 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trial.

VX-970 (VE-822) is an ATR kinase inhibitor. VE-822 decreased maintenance of cell-cycle checkpoints, increased persistent DNA damage and decreased homologous recombination in irradiated cancer cells. Vertex Pharmaceuticals is developing VX 970 for the treatment of advanced solid tumours. Phase I/II development is underway in the US for small-cell lung cancer and in the UK for solid tumours. Phase II development of VX 970 as a combination therapy in urogenital cancer, ovarian, primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer indications is underway in the US.