AB‐FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid and it is a very potent agonist for the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor. AB-FUBINACA is designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.

5-FLUORO-MN-18 is a synthetic cannabinoid. It is considered to be a constituent of illicit smoking mixtures "spice".

FDU-PB-22 (naphthalen-1-yl 1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-3-carboxylate) is a synthetic cannabinoid. It is considered to be a constituent of illicit smoking mixtures "spice".

Mazindol was developed as an appetite suppressant. It exists in a dynamic equilibrium between three isomers (the keto and the R and S–ol forms, respectively) with the R or S–ol being the only relevant forms at physiologic pH. Both S- and R-mazindol supposed to target human serotonin and dopamine transporters. R-mazindol is the biologically relevant enantiomer.

Mazindol was developed as an appetite suppressant. It exists in a dynamic equilibrium between three isomers (the keto and the R and S–ol forms, respectively) with the R or S–ol being the only relevant forms at physiologic pH. Both S- and R-mazindol supposed to target human serotonin and dopamine transporters. R-mazindol is the biologically relevant enantiomer.

Ergocristine is an alkoloid originally isolated from Iberian ergot. In the rat, ergocristine acts as an alpha 2-adrenoceptors agonist, and an alpha 1-adrenoceptors antagonist. It is able to regulate glutamate uptake and dopamine release. Ergocristine is controlled as a list I chemical of because it is considered as a chemical precursor used in the illicit manufacture of lysergic acid diethylamide,

J-113397 (ComB) is the first potent and selective small molecule ORL1 antagonist. Merck, in collaboration with Banyu, is developing J-113397 with potential use in the treatment of pain. Preclinical development is underway in Japan, however, no recent development has been reported. In addition to antinociceptive properties J-113397 exerts antiparkinsonian action in animal models.

Blebbistatin is a small molecule inhibitor discovered in a screen for inhibitors of nonmuscle myosin IIA. Blebbistatin potently inhibits several striated muscle myosins as well as vertebrate nonmuscle myosin IIA and IIB with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 5 microM. Interestingly, smooth muscle which is highly homologous to vertebrate nonmuscle myosin is only poorly inhibited (IC50=80 microM). The drug potently inhibits Dictyostelium myosin II, but poorly inhibits Acanthamoeba myosin II. Blebbistatin did not inhibit representative myosin superfamily members from classes I, V, and X. Blebbistatin blocks apoptosis-related bleb formation, directed cell migration and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. Blebbistatin is inactivated by UV light, which may be particularly important in fluorescent cell imaging applications. Blebbistatin does not compete with nucleotide binding to the skeletal muscle myosin subfragment-1. The inhibitor preferentially binds to the ATPase intermediate with ADP and phosphate bound at the active site, and it slows down phosphate release. Blebbistatin interferes neither with binding of myosin to actin nor with ATP-induced actomyosin dissociation. Instead, it blocks the myosin heads in a products complex with low actin affinity. Blind docking molecular simulations indicate that the productive blebbistatin-binding site of the myosin head is within the aqueous cavity between the nucleotide pocket and the cleft of the actin-binding interface. The property that blebbistatin blocks myosin II in an actin-detached state makes the compound useful both in muscle physiology and in exploring the cellular function of cytoplasmic myosin II isoforms, whereas the stabilization of a specific myosin intermediate confers a great potential in structural studies. (–)-blebbistatin is the active species, with an inhibitory concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50) of 2 uM, whereas (+)-blebbistatin is inactive.

Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside, an iridoid glucoside, is one of the major components in gardenia fruit (“Zhizi” in Chinese) that constitutes several edible pigments. Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside is also widely applied in many classical compound prescriptions for thousand years in Asia, such as Zhizi-Dahuang decoction for reducing icterus and relaxing bowels, Zhizi-Chi decoction for depression treatment, and Yinchen-Hao decoction for the therapies on jaundice with damp-heat pathogen. As one of the major pharmacodynamic substances, Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside has valuable biological activities, such as resisting heart failure induced by pentobarbital sodium through enhancing heart inotropy and lowering the preload of heart; attenuating melanogenesis, and releasing cytotoxicities. Moreover, Genipin 1-beta-gentiobioside is also a promising candidate for the treatment of memory dysfunction because of its excellent anti-acetylcholine activity in vitro and antiamnesic effect via increasing the acetylcholine levels in brain.

JNJ-31020028 was shown to have high affinity for both human and rodent Y2 receptors. The antagonistic property of JNJ-31020028 for the Y2 receptor was demonstrated via inhibition of PYY-stimulated calcium response in KAN-Ts cells expressing a chimeric G protein. After subcutaneous administration, the Y2 antagonist was found to penetrate into the brain and dose dependently occupy Y2 receptor binding sites, demonstrating that the compound engaged its target in the CNS. JNJ-31020028 (15 mg/kg, s.c.) did reverse the anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a single bolus dose of alcohol on the elevated plus-maze, confirming the anxiolytic-like properties of Neuropeptide Y2 antagonism. JNJ-31020028 has antidepressant like effects in the olfactory bulbectomized model.