Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Tanacetum that exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities. Parthenolide acts as a partial agonist at transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels and desensitizes them, preventing release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Additionally, parthenolide inhibits ATPase activity of NLRP3 and protease activity of caspase 1. In multiple myeloma cells, parthenolide decreases expression of NF-κB, VEGF, and IL-6 and increases expression of IκB kinase, inhibiting cell migration and tubule formation. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, parthenolide decreases levels of MCL-1 and increases levels of MAIP-1, triggering ER stress and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In breast cancer cells, this compound activates NADPH oxidase and increases ROS generation, increasing levels of p-JNK and downregulating NF-κB, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9); in vivo, parthenolide inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Parthenolide has being shown to have agonistic activity against adiponectin receptor 2. Parthenolide is in phase I clinical trials by Ashbury Biologicals for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no recent report of this research.

Thiram is a pesticide, It is used as a fungicide, ectoparasiticide to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops. It is also used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents and deer. Thiram belongs to the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) chemical class. It is available as dust, flowable, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, and water suspension formulations and in mixtures with other fungicides. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is a skin sensitizer. It is moderately toxic by ingestion, but it is highly toxic if inhaled. Acute exposure in humans may cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complaints. In rats and mice, large doses of thiram produced muscle incoordination, hyperactivity followed by inactivity, loss of muscular tone, labored breathing, convulsions and death.

Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic, pharmaceutical, toiletry and household preparations at concentrations of up to 0.1% (wt/vol) particularly because of its high activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonad. Bronopol hydrolyzes within 3 h at 60 °C and pH 8, producing formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other molecules. Although the parent compound (bronopol) is rather short-lived in the environment, its degradation products are toxic and more persistent. The protection against the bactericidal activity of bronopol afforded by catalase or superoxide dismutase suggests that the activity stems from the aerobic interaction and the generation of active oxygen species from oxygen diffusing into the suspensions during bronopol treatment. The acute oral LD50 was 307 mg/kg for rat males and 342 mg/kg for females. Bronopol is moderately toxic by the oral route. Results from an acute dermal toxicity study while inadequate, suggest bronopol is highly toxic by the dermal route.

Eugenol is sometimes called clove oil because it is the active element in cloves. It causes the aromatic smell typical of cloves and because of this property is often found in perfumes. Eugenol’s properties make it a good local antiseptic and analgesic. It is used in dentist offices to make zinc-oxide eugenol paste for temporary fillings. Eugenol also demonstrates antifungal and antimicrobial activity, showing efficacy against Candida albicans biofilms, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Eugenol is further described to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to scavenge ROS, thus demonstrating prooxidant and antioxidant effects. Also, Eugenol is used as a pesticide.

Gepirone (brand name Travivo) is an investigational azapirone antidepressant and anxiolytic drug in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder but has yet to be marketed. Like other azapirones, it acts as a selective partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor. Gepirone has been under development in the U.S. in an extended release form (referred to as Gepirone ER). It has been rejected multiple times by the FDA during the drug approval process and Phase III studies evaluating its use in the treatment of MDD were prematurely terminated. These were the initial Phase III studies of gepirone ER in MDD, and the effective dose range had not been determined. In March 2016, the FDA reversed its decision and gave gepirone ER a positive review, clearing the way for the drug to finally gain market approval in the U.S. In addition to its antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, gepirone has been found to improve symptoms of sexual dysfunction in men and women, similarly to the marketed 5-HT1A receptor agonist flibanserin. The pro-sexual effects appear to be independent of its antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Mechanism of action studies have demonstrated that gepirone possesses a much greater selectivity for 5-HT1A receptors over dopamine D2 receptors. Long-term studies have shown that gepirone has a differential action at presynaptic (agonist) and post-synaptic (partial agonist) 5-HT1A receptors. Treatment with gepirone ER desensitizes presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, which decreases serotonin autoregulatory inhibition and enhances activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. As a partial agonist gepirone ER acts as an agonist when endogenous serotonin is not present and as an antagonist when endogenous serotonin is present. Overall, gepirone ER increases serotonin production when insufficient amounts are present, and decreases serotonin production when excess amounts are present. Gepirone has been tested in Phase II clinical trial as antidepressant medication for pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependent subjects.

Oliceridine (TRV-130) is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist. In cell-based assays, TRV130 elicits robust G protein signaling, with potency and efficacy similar to morphine, but with far less β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization. In rodents, TRV130 is potently analgesic while causing less gastrointestinal dysfunction and respiratory suppression than morphine at equianalgesic doses. Oliceridine is being developed by Trevena for the first-line treatment of moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain. Phase III development is underway for the treatment of postoperative pain in the US. Phase II development is underway for the treatment of acute pain in the US.

Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid metabolite of progesterone. It is an allosteric modulator of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) receptors on neural stem cells and other cell types in the brain. Allopregnanolone has effects similar to those of other positive allosteric modulators of the GABA action at GABAA receptor such as the benzodiazepines, including anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activity. A solution of allopregnanolone, SAGE-547 is an intravenous allosteric modulator of both synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA)receptors. It's believed that allopregnanolone is effective as an anticonvulsant when prolonged seizure activity has become resistant to benzodiazepine treatment. Under the names brexanolone and SAGE-547, allopregnanolone is under development by SAGE Therapeutics as an intravenously administered drug for the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus, postpartum depression, and essential tremor. Allopregnanolone is in phase III trials for the treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) and postpartum depression.

Macimorelin (AEZS 130) is an orally active, small-molecule, peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1A) agonist (ghrelin analogue), being developed by AEterna Zentaris for the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD; somatotropin deficiency), and for the treatment of cachexia associated with chronic disease such as AIDS and cancer. Macimorelin was approved by the FDA in December 2017 under the market name Macrilen for oral solution. Macimorelin stimulates GH release by activating growth hormone secretagogue receptors present in the pituitary and hypothalamus. Macimorelin has been granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for diagnosis of AGHD.

Perindopril arginine is a stable L-arginine salt of perindopril. Perindopril, a pro-drug, is hydrolyzed to perindoprilat, which inhibits ACE in humans and in animals. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and coronary artery disease. Perindopril arginine may be used in monotherapy or in combination with other classes of antihypertensive therapy.

Etohexadiol (or ethohexadiol) is an ectoparasiticide. It is a liquid aliphatic alcohol, EHD is widely used industrially, commercially and domestically for purposes that include a component of cosmetic formulations, in certain medicinal products, as a solvent, a chelating agent, a reactive diol, an intermediate and formerly an insect repellent. Etohexadiol, also known as Rutgers 612 or "6-12 repellent," discontinued in the US in 1991 due to evidence of causing developmental defects in animals.