Rhamnetin is phenolic flavonoid compound and methylated derivatives of quercetin commonly found in fruits and vegetables that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Rhamnetin can be found in cloves, sweet wormwood, and green vegetables such as coriander leaves and seeds Cloves and coriander are common elements in many types of cuisine. Similar amounts of rhamnetin are found in apple pomace, peanuts, sour cherries, and radishes.8 It is generally considered that a regular intake of small amounts of the above-mentioned fruits and vegetables, which are commonly available, serves a protective role in preventing various diseases. Rhamnetin suppressed the mouse macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1, MIP-2), and mouse TNF-α cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A nontoxic dose of rhamnetin also suppressed NO production. Rhamnetin acts as a promising sensitizer to chemotherapy and may be a novel approach to overcome the multi-drug resistance process of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Isoacteoside (2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-O-caffeoyl-3-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside), a phenylethanoid glycoside isomeric to acteoside, exists in various plants, such as Cistanches spp., Castilleja spp. and Plantago spp. It exerts wide range of pharmacological activity including anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions.

Salsoline is a metabolite of dopamine and is highly prevalent in the urine and cerebrospinal fluid of alcoholics at the time of intoxication and for several days after. Salsoline and related compounds bind to the Type A Mono-amine Oxidase inducing neuronal cell death. At one time salsoline was thought to be a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. However, it was later shown that treatment regimes result in an increased endogenous concentration of salsoline and related compounds.

Pseudohypericin is a predominant naphthodianthrone from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) phytomedicinal drug. It has been shown to specifically inhibit protein kinase C and dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Also, pseudohypericin induces apoptosis and selectively antagonizes corticotropin-releasing factor in murine models. Inhibition of thioredoxin system by pseudohypericin showed appreciable anticancer properties of this natural compound. Pseudohypericin has antiretroviral activity, it has potential therapeutic value in diseases such as AIDS. Pseudohypericin is implicated in the antidepressant efficacy of St. John's wort.

Benzoylmesaconine (BMA) is the main Aconitum alkaloid in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. Notably, the high levels of toxicity of Radix Aconiti are derived from diester aconitum alkaloids, including aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine, which can be hydrolyzed to benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine, respectively. Benzoylmesaconine exhibits biological effects, including analgesic, antiviral and antifungal activities.

Napelline is a diterpenoid alkaloid, from plants of the Aconitum genus, Ranunculaceae. It is a potent antiarrhythmic of class I with weak hypotensive and N-cholinoblocking effects. Napelline has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Napelline has a stronger antiarrhythmic activity than Quinidine or Procaïnamide. 10(-4) - 10(-5) M block inward Na+ currents

8-oxyberberine (8-Oxoberberine, JKL1073A), an oxoderivative of berberine, is an alkaloid isolated from Argemone mexicana. 8-oxyberberine has been initially reported to exert anti-proliferative effects against a series of cancers. 8-oxyberberine inhibited the cell proliferation in human colon cancer cells. 8-Oxoberberine, a derivative of berberine, has been reported to exert antiarrhythmic activity, much like a class III antiarrhythmic agent. 8-Oxoberberine, like berberine, exerted positive inotropic and negative chronotropic actions. In rat left atria 8-oxoberberine, 10 to 100 uM, increased atrial contractility. In spontaneously beating right atria, 8-oxoberberine increased atrial contractility but slightly decreased the rate of contractions. 8-Oxoberberine inhibited the integral of the transient outward current (Ito) with a KD value of approximately 4 uM in either human or rat atrial myocytes. 8-Oxoberberine inhibited Ito by binding to open-state channels or by shifting the steady state inactivation curve of Ito.

Salsolidine is a simple 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline isolated from many natural sources as the racemate and in its enantiomeric modifications. Stereoselective competitive inhibition of MAO A was found with the R enantiomer of salsolidine (Ki = 6 uM). Salsolidine also inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and buytlcholinesterase (BChE). Salsolidine may inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Derivatives of salsolidine are neurotoxic and cytotoxic. R enantiomer of salsolidine is more potent than the S form.

EAM-2201 acts as a full agonist with of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. This compound was first identified in Japan in 2012 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends and belongs to narcotic substances, that is why was banned in some countries.

Benzoylaconine (Isaconitine; Pikraconitin) is an alkaloid in the Chinese traditional medicine Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Benzoylaconine is a metabolite of aconitine. Benzoylaconine increased P-gp expression in LS174T and Caco-2 cells, it also increased the P-gp transport activity. Benzoylaconine has being shown to stimulate dynorphin A expression in cultured primary spinal microglia.