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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C35H58O3
Molecular Weight 526.8332
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 6 / 6
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of TESTOSTERONE PALMITATE

SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C

InChI

InChIKey=OKFBXYQPCPWWRP-SHDAAXGTSA-N
InChI=1S/C35H58O3/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-33(37)38-32-21-20-30-29-19-18-27-26-28(36)22-24-34(27,2)31(29)23-25-35(30,32)3/h26,29-32H,4-25H2,1-3H3/t29-,30-,31-,32-,34-,35-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C35H58O3
Molecular Weight 526.8332
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 6 / 6
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including

Testosterone is a steroid sex hormone found in both men and women. In men, testosterone is produced primarily by the Leydig (interstitial) cells of the testes when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). It functions to stimulate spermatogenesis, promote physical and functional maturation of spermatozoa, maintain accessory organs of the male reproductive tract, support development of secondary sexual characteristics, stimulate growth and metabolism throughout the body and influence brain development by stimulating sexual behaviors and sexual drive. In women, testosterone is produced by the ovaries (25%), adrenals (25%) and via peripheral conversion from androstenedione (50%). Testerone in women functions to maintain libido and general wellbeing. Testosterone exerts a negative feedback mechanism on pituitary release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Testosterone may be further converted to dihydrotestosterone or estradiol depending on the tissue. The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5α-reductase. DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects. Testosterone is used as hormone replacement or substitution of diminished or absent endogenous testosterone. Use in males: For management of congenital or acquired hypogonadism, hypogonadism associated with HIV infection, and male climacteric (andopause). Use in females: For palliative treatment of androgen-responsive, advanced, inoperable, metastatis (skeletal) carcinoma of the breast in women who are 1-5 years postmenopausal; testosterone esters may be used in combination with estrogens in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in women who do not respond to adequately to estrogen therapy alone.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P10275
Gene ID: 367.0
Gene Symbol: AR
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
3.16 nM [EC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
TESTOSTERONE

Approved Use

Testosterone is an androgen indicated for replacement therapy in males for conditions associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone: • Primary Hypogonadism (Congenital or Acquired) (1) • Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (Congenital or Acquired)

Launch Date

2013
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
930.1 ng/dL
5 g 1 times / day multiple, topical
dose: 5 g
route of administration: topical
experiment type: multiple
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE plasma
Homo sapiens
231 ng/dL
30 mg single, topical
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: topical
experiment type: single
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE serum
Homo sapiens
population: healthy
age:
sex:
food status:
214 ng/dL
30 mg single, topical
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: topical
experiment type: single
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE serum
Homo sapiens
population: healthy
age:
sex:
food status:
13.1 pg/mL
8.2 mg single, topical
dose: 8.2 mg
route of administration: Topical
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3110 ng*h/dL
30 mg single, topical
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: topical
experiment type: single
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE serum
Homo sapiens
population: healthy
age:
sex:
food status:
2120 ng*h/dL
30 mg single, topical
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: topical
experiment type: single
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE serum
Homo sapiens
population: healthy
age:
sex:
food status:
948 pg × h/mL
8.2 mg single, topical
dose: 8.2 mg
route of administration: Topical
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7 h
8.2 mg single, topical
dose: 8.2 mg
route of administration: Topical
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
13%
8.2 mg single, topical
dose: 8.2 mg
route of administration: Topical
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TESTOSTERONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
major [Km 10 uM]
major [Km 38.7 uM]
minor
minor
minor
minor
minor
minor
minor
minor
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Allelic variants of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1): effect of T461N and I462V substitutions on steroid hydroxylase specificity.
2000 Aug
Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
2000 Oct 17
Psychophysiological responses to the Stroop Task after a maximal cycle ergometry in elite sportsmen and physically active subjects.
2001 Feb
Spz1, a novel bHLH-Zip protein, is specifically expressed in testis.
2001 Feb
Androgens and the role of female "hyperaggressiveness" in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta).
2001 Feb
Relative enzymatic activity, protein stability, and tissue distribution of human steroid-metabolizing UGT2B subfamily members.
2001 Feb
Effects of organic solvents on the activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms, UDP-dependent glucuronyl transferase, and phenol sulfotransferase in human hepatocytes.
2001 Feb
Photoperiod-induced testicular apoptosis in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
2001 Feb
Substitution mutation C268Y causes 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency.
2001 Feb
Sex differences in androgen receptors of the human mamillary bodies are related to endocrine status rather than to sexual orientation or transsexuality.
2001 Feb
Evidence that cyproterone acetate improves psychological symptoms and enhances the activity of the dopaminergic system in postmenopause.
2001 Feb
Androgen deficiency in women with hypopituitarism.
2001 Feb
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance.
2001 Feb
Luteinizing hormone-dependent activity and luteinizing hormone-independent differentiation of rat fetal Leydig cells.
2001 Feb 14
Glucocorticoids regulate plasma membrane potential during rat thymocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
2001 Jan
Identification of twelve O-glycosylation sites in equine chorionic gonadotropin beta and equine luteinizing hormone ss by solid-phase Edman degradation.
2001 Jan
Androgen-dependent regulation of human angiotensinogen expression in KAP-hAGT transgenic mice.
2001 Jan
Influence of gender and sex hormones on nicotine acute pharmacological effects in mice.
2001 Jan
Heat-shock factor-1, steroid hormones, and regulation of heat-shock protein expression in the heart.
2001 Jan
Effects of hyperprolactinemia on rat prostate growth: evidence of androgeno-dependence.
2001 Jan
Signs of sexual behaviour are not increased after subchronic treatment with LHRH in young men.
2001 Jan
Structure-function aspects and inhibitor design of type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3).
2001 Jan 22
Pan1b (17betaHSD11)-enzymatic activity and distribution in the lung.
2001 Jan 22
Regulation of the steroid-inducible 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase gene in Comamonas testosteroni.
2001 Mar 30
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: can also be injected https://www.drugs.com/pro/testosterone.html
Starting dose of testosterone gel is 50 mg of testosterone (4 pump actuations, two 25 mg packets, or one 50 mg packet), applied once daily in the morning.
Route of Administration: Topical
10 nM Testosterone significantly reduced secretion of BDNF in in human airway smooth muscle
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
Record UNII
UV7U6AQ9KP
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
TESTOSTERONE PALMITATE
Common Name English
(17.BETA.)-3-OXOANDROST-4-EN-17-YL PALMITATE
Preferred Name English
ANDROST-4-EN-3-ONE, 17-((1-OXOHEXADECYL)OXY)-, (17.BETA.)-
Systematic Name English
Code System Code Type Description
WIKIPEDIA
Testosterone_palmitate
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
991-20-8
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
UV7U6AQ9KP
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
164765
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID00912871
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:10:52 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PRODRUG
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ACTIVE MOIETY