Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C19H24N2 |
Molecular Weight | 280.4073 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN(C)CCCN1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C13
InChI
InChIKey=BCGWQEUPMDMJNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H24N2/c1-20(2)14-7-15-21-18-10-5-3-8-16(18)12-13-17-9-4-6-11-19(17)21/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-15H2,1-2H3
Molecular Formula | C19H24N2 |
Molecular Weight | 280.4073 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/087846s028,087844s027,087845s027lbl.pdf
Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/087846s028,087844s027,087845s027lbl.pdf
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant with general pharmacological properties similar to those of structurally related tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline and doxepin. A tertiary amine, imipramine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin more so than most secondary amine tricyclics, meaning that it blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline almost equally. With chronic use, imipramine also down-regulates cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitizes post-synaptic sertonergic receptors, which also contributes to increased serotonergic transmission. It takes approximately 2 - 4 weeks for antidepressants effects to occur. The onset of action may be longer, up to 8 weeks, in some individuals. It is also effective in migraine prophylaxis, but not in abortion of acute migraine attack. Imipramine works by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. It binds the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and sodium-dependent norepinephrine transporter preventing or reducing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells. Depression has been linked to a lack of stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron by norepinephrine and serotonin. Slowing the reuptake of these neurotransmitters increases their concentration in the synaptic cleft, which is thought to contribute to relieving symptoms of depression. In addition to acutely inhibiting neurotransmitter re-uptake, imipramine causes down-regulation of cerebral cortical beta-adrenergic receptors and sensitization of post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. This leads to enhanced serotonergic transmission. Used for relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older. May also be used to manage panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, as a second line agent in ADHD, management of eating disorders, for short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and for symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/imipramine.html
Curator's Comment: CNS active and penetrant http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/S0009-9236(03)90534-0/abstract;jsessionid=0501D49064CCA6E885143C367F1535B3.f02t02
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25930134
Curator's Comment: Roland Kuhn, Swiss psychiatrist, discovered the therapeutic affect of imipramine in depression in 1957 http://www.cinp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/history1.pdf
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P27169 Gene ID: 5444.0 Gene Symbol: PON1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001316 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL222 Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458 |
12.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL228 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983139 |
3.2 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Tofranil Approved UseTofranil is used for:
Treating depression. It is also used in some children to help reduce bedwetting. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Launch Date1984 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
24.5 ng/mL |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
107 μg/L |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
427 ng × h/mL |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
21.1 h |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
12 h |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
22% |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-70 years |
Disc. AE: Nausea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Nausea (1 patient) Sources: |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Sleep disturbance, Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Sleep disturbance (3 patients) Sources: Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC (2 patients) Palpitations (2 patients) Anxiety (1 patient) Dry mouth (1 patient) Dizziness (3 patients) Flushing (1 patient) Constipation (1 patient) |
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, < 24 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: < 24 years Sources: |
Disc. AE: Suicidal ideation... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Suicidal ideation (grade 5) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nausea | 1 patient Disc. AE |
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-70 years |
Anxiety | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Constipation | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Dry mouth | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Flushing | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Palpitations | 2 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC | 2 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Dizziness | 3 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Sleep disturbance | 3 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
Suicidal ideation | grade 5 Disc. AE |
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, < 24 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: < 24 years Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes [IC50 6 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 182.9 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 42 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 42 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
The antinicotinic effects of drugs with clinically useful sedative-antianxiety properties. | 1975 |
|
One-year follow-up of hyperactive boys treated with imipramine or methylphenidate. | 1975 Mar |
|
Imipramine-induced heart block. A longitudinal case study. | 1975 Mar 31 |
|
Imipramine dosage in children: a comment on "imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children". | 1975 May |
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Letter: Imipramine-induced heart block. | 1975 Oct 27 |
|
Imipramine toxicity. | 1975 Sep |
|
Imipramine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. | 1991 Dec |
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Pediatric cardiovascular effects of imipramine and desipramine. | 1991 Jan |
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Rabbit syndrome, antidepressant use, and cerebral perfusion SPECT scan findings. | 1991 Nov |
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Reboxetine versus imipramine in the treatment of elderly patients with depressive disorders: a double-blind randomised trial. | 1999 Oct |
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Antidepressant drugs appear to enhance cocaine-induced toxicity. | 2000 Feb |
|
Sudden death of a child treated with imipramine. Case study. | 2000 Winter |
|
The use of short-form quality of life questionnaires to measure the impact of imipramine on women with urge incontinence. | 2001 |
|
Induction of cysteine string protein after chronic antidepressant treatment in rat frontal cortex. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
Differential inhibition and inactivation of human CYP1 enzymes by trans-resveratrol: evidence for mechanism-based inactivation of CYP1A2. | 2001 Dec |
|
Adverse pulmonary vascular effects of high dose tricyclic antidepressants: acute and chronic animal studies. | 2002 Aug |
|
Phenelzine treatment increases transcription factor AP-2 levels in rat brain. | 2003 Aug 28 |
|
Prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of about 5 million outpatients. | 2003 Feb 1 |
|
Serotonergic platelet markers of suicidal behavior--do they really exist? | 2004 Apr |
|
Effect of anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic drugs on cocaine-induced seizures and mortality. | 2004 Dec |
|
Three year naturalistic outcome study of panic disorder patients treated with paroxetine. | 2004 Jun 11 |
|
Eugenol exhibits antidepressant-like activity in mice and induces expression of metallothionein-III in the hippocampus. | 2004 Jun 18 |
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Evaluation of fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes as in vitro drug metabolism tools for the prediction of metabolic clearance. | 2004 Nov |
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[Influence of chronic melipramine administration abolition on locomotion and defensive conditioned reflexes in passive and active avoidance in rats]. | 2005 Jan-Feb |
|
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods. | 2005 Jun |
|
Organophosphorothionate pesticides inhibit the bioactivation of imipramine by human hepatic cytochrome P450s. | 2005 Jun 15 |
|
QTc prolongation associated with combination therapy of levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine. | 2005 Mar |
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Exacerbation of harmaline-induced tremor by imipramine. | 2005 May |
|
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 polymorphisms in a Japanese population and kinetics of clozapine glucuronidation. | 2005 May |
|
Induction of neuroserpin expression in rat frontal cortex after chronic antidepressant treatment and electroconvulsive treatment. | 2006 Feb |
|
[Lack of antidepresant-like activity of some ligands of polyamine binding sites of NMDA receptors in models of depression]. | 2006 Jan-Feb |
|
Antidepressant drugs activate SREBP and up-regulate cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in human glial cells. | 2006 Mar 13 |
|
Mechanism of imipramine-induced seizures in amygdala-kindled rats. | 2006 Nov |
|
Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. | 2007 |
|
[Chemico-toxicological analysis of haloperidol in blood with high-performance liquid chromatography in combined poisoning]. | 2007 May-Jun |
|
Histone deacetylase 5 epigenetically controls behavioral adaptations to chronic emotional stimuli. | 2007 Nov 8 |
|
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: association with lobular breast cancer. | 2008 |
|
Temporal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the rat hippocampus after treatment with selective and mixed monoaminergic antidepressants. | 2008 Jan 14 |
|
Pharmacological separation of hEAG and hERG K+ channel function in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7. | 2008 Jun |
|
Gene expression profiling in rat liver treated with compounds inducing phospholipidosis. | 2008 Jun 15 |
|
[Chronic imipramine treatment normalizes decreased sexual motivation and high predisposition to catalepsy induced by propylthiouracil in rat]. | 2008 Mar-Apr |
|
Sub-chronic administration of rimonabant causes loss of antidepressive activity and decreases doublecortin immunoreactivity in the mouse hippocampus. | 2009 Dec 25 |
|
Suppressive effect of imipramine on vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia in mice. | 2009 Jul |
|
Possible role of trazodone and imipramine in sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative damage in mice. | 2009 Jul-Aug |
|
Behavioral changes in rats induced by a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor methionyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine: experimental model of anxiety-depression disorder. | 2009 Mar |
|
A new homogeneous high-throughput screening assay for profiling compound activity on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel. | 2009 Nov 1 |
|
Medicine and psychiatry in Western culture: Ancient Greek myths and modern prejudices. | 2009 Oct 7 |
|
Imipramine enhances cell proliferation and decreases neurodegeneration in the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. | 2010 Feb 5 |
|
Prediction of phospholipidosis-inducing potential of drugs by in vitro biochemical and physicochemical assays followed by multivariate analysis. | 2010 Mar |
|
Hormonal responses to the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone in remitted endogenous depressive patients after long-term imipramine treatment. | 2010 May |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/imipramine.html
Usual Adult Dose for Depression
Tablets:
Initial dose: 100 mg orally per day
Maintenance dose: 100 to 200 mg orally per day (If no response after 2 weeks, increase to 250 to 300 mg per day)
Maximum dose: 300 mg orally per day
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001316
The inhibition percentage of human PON1 for imipramine was 15.6% at 100 ug/L after incubation for 1 h). At 350 ug/L, the inhibition percentage for imipramine 19.2% after 1 h and 20.2% after 2 h.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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on
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Mon Mar 31 17:51:42 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
OGG85SX4E4
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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WHO-VATC |
QN06AA02
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LIVERTOX |
NBK547884
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WHO-ATC |
N06AA02
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C94727
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NDF-RT |
N0000175752
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C62039
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793
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OGG85SX4E4
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D007099
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SUB08152MIG
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200-042-1
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Imipramine
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m6232
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5691
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IMIPRAMINE
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DB00458
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50-49-7
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3100
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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LABELED -> NON-LABELED |
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
Metabolizing reaction by CYP2D6: 2-Hydroxylation
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE |
10%-20% OF TOTAL METABOLISM
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
BINDING
IC50
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
BINDING
IC50
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
Imipramine has activities at both the serotonin and norepeinephrine transporters with greater affinity for the serotonin transporter while desipramine and 2-hydroxydesipramine have greater affinities for the norepinephrine transporter (Owens et al., 1997).
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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