U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C19H24N2.ClH
Molecular Weight 316.868
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(CCC3=C1C=CC=C3)C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=XZZXIYZZBJDEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H24N2.ClH/c1-20(2)14-7-15-21-18-10-5-3-8-16(18)12-13-17-9-4-6-11-19(17)21;/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-15H2,1-2H3;1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Molecular Formula C19H24N2
Molecular Weight 280.4073
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/087846s028,087844s027,087845s027lbl.pdf

Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant with general pharmacological properties similar to those of structurally related tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline and doxepin. A tertiary amine, imipramine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin more so than most secondary amine tricyclics, meaning that it blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline almost equally. With chronic use, imipramine also down-regulates cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitizes post-synaptic sertonergic receptors, which also contributes to increased serotonergic transmission. It takes approximately 2 - 4 weeks for antidepressants effects to occur. The onset of action may be longer, up to 8 weeks, in some individuals. It is also effective in migraine prophylaxis, but not in abortion of acute migraine attack. Imipramine works by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. It binds the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and sodium-dependent norepinephrine transporter preventing or reducing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells. Depression has been linked to a lack of stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron by norepinephrine and serotonin. Slowing the reuptake of these neurotransmitters increases their concentration in the synaptic cleft, which is thought to contribute to relieving symptoms of depression. In addition to acutely inhibiting neurotransmitter re-uptake, imipramine causes down-regulation of cerebral cortical beta-adrenergic receptors and sensitization of post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. This leads to enhanced serotonergic transmission. Used for relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older. May also be used to manage panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, as a second line agent in ADHD, management of eating disorders, for short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and for symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: CNS active and penetrant http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/S0009-9236(03)90534-0/abstract;jsessionid=0501D49064CCA6E885143C367F1535B3.f02t02

Originator

Curator's Comment: Roland Kuhn, Swiss psychiatrist, discovered the therapeutic affect of imipramine in depression in 1957 http://www.cinp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/history1.pdf

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P27169
Gene ID: 5444.0
Gene Symbol: PON1
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
12.0 nM [Ki]
3.2 nM [Ki]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Tofranil

Approved Use

Tofranil is used for: Treating depression. It is also used in some children to help reduce bedwetting. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Launch Date

4.5394559E11
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
107 μg/L
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 130 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered: Desipramine
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
24.5 ng/mL
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
427 ng × h/mL
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
12 h
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 130 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered: Desipramine
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
21.1 h
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
22%
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 130 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered: Desipramine
IMIPRAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 18-70 years
n = 82
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: major depression | melancholia
Age Group: 18-70 years
Population Size: 82
Sources:
Disc. AE: Nausea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (1 patient)
Sources:
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Disc. AE: Sleep disturbance, Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Sleep disturbance (3 patients)
Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC (2 patients)
Palpitations (2 patients)
Anxiety (1 patient)
Dry mouth (1 patient)
Dizziness (3 patients)
Flushing (1 patient)
Constipation (1 patient)
Sources:
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral (starting)
Recommended
Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, < 24 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: depression
Age Group: < 24 years
Sources:
Disc. AE: Suicidal ideation...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Suicidal ideation (grade 5)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Nausea 1 patient
Disc. AE
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 18-70 years
n = 82
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: major depression | melancholia
Age Group: 18-70 years
Population Size: 82
Sources:
Anxiety 1 patient
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Constipation 1 patient
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Dry mouth 1 patient
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Flushing 1 patient
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Palpitations 2 patients
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC 2 patients
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Dizziness 3 patients
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Sleep disturbance 3 patients
Disc. AE
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years
n = 59
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: irritable bowel syndrome
Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 59
Sources:
Suicidal ideation grade 5
Disc. AE
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral (starting)
Recommended
Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, < 24 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: depression
Age Group: < 24 years
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG



OverviewOther

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as victimTox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
The antinicotinic effects of drugs with clinically useful sedative-antianxiety properties.
1975
Cardiac arrhythmia and imipramine therapy.
1975 Mar 22
Imipramine-induced heart block. A longitudinal case study.
1975 Mar 31
Imipramine dosage in children: a comment on "imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children".
1975 May
Imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children.
1975 May
[Behavior pharmacology of maprotiline, a new antidepressant].
1975 Nov
Letter: Imipramine-induced heart block.
1975 Oct 27
Imipramine toxicity.
1975 Sep
Pediatric cardiovascular effects of imipramine and desipramine.
1991 Jan
Rabbit syndrome, antidepressant use, and cerebral perfusion SPECT scan findings.
1991 Nov
[Clinical-pharmacological case report: drug-induced inappropriate ADH secretion].
1992 Nov 17
Gabapentin therapy for cocaine cravings.
2000 Dec
Sudden death of a child treated with imipramine. Case study.
2000 Winter
The use of short-form quality of life questionnaires to measure the impact of imipramine on women with urge incontinence.
2001
Induction of cysteine string protein after chronic antidepressant treatment in rat frontal cortex.
2001 Apr 6
Moclobemide vs. imipramine in bipolar depression: a multicentre double-blind clinical trial.
2001 Aug
Differential inhibition and inactivation of human CYP1 enzymes by trans-resveratrol: evidence for mechanism-based inactivation of CYP1A2.
2001 Dec
[Depression in the elderly. Medical treatment].
2001 Feb 24
Relative bioavailability of imipramine (Tofranil) coated tablets in healthy volunteers.
2001 Jun
Pharmacokinetics of imipramine in narcoleptic horses.
2001 May
[Evaluation of analgesic action of fluvoxamine compared with efficacy of imipramine and tramadol for treatment of sciatica--open trial].
2002
Effect of fluoxetine and imipramine on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the antipsychotic quetiapine.
2002 Apr
Adverse pulmonary vascular effects of high dose tricyclic antidepressants: acute and chronic animal studies.
2002 Aug
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of different antidepressants in the rat.
2003 Aug
Phenelzine treatment increases transcription factor AP-2 levels in rat brain.
2003 Aug 28
Prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of about 5 million outpatients.
2003 Feb 1
N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes and heterologously expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.
2003 Nov
Glutathione S-transferase pi as a target for tricyclic antidepressants in human brain.
2004
Long-term imipramine withdrawal induces a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swimming test.
2004 May 10
Evaluation of fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes as in vitro drug metabolism tools for the prediction of metabolic clearance.
2004 Nov
[Effect of acute melipramine administration on motor activity and defensive conditioned reflexes of passive and active avoidance in rats].
2004 Nov-Dec
Mechanism of block of hEag1 K+ channels by imipramine and astemizole.
2004 Oct
[Cardiac arrhythmia in amitriptyline poisoning in children].
2005 Apr-Jun
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Organophosphorothionate pesticides inhibit the bioactivation of imipramine by human hepatic cytochrome P450s.
2005 Jun 15
QTc prolongation associated with combination therapy of levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine.
2005 Mar
Serotonin (5HT), fluoxetine, imipramine and dopamine target distinct 5HT receptor signaling to modulate Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying behavior.
2005 Mar
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 polymorphisms in a Japanese population and kinetics of clozapine glucuronidation.
2005 May
[Lack of antidepresant-like activity of some ligands of polyamine binding sites of NMDA receptors in models of depression].
2006 Jan-Feb
Frequency of high-risk use of QT-prolonging medications.
2006 Jun
Antidepressant drugs activate SREBP and up-regulate cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in human glial cells.
2006 Mar 13
Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis.
2007
Histone deacetylase 5 epigenetically controls behavioral adaptations to chronic emotional stimuli.
2007 Nov 8
In vitro detection of drug-induced phospholipidosis using gene expression and fluorescent phospholipid based methodologies.
2007 Sep
Temporal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the rat hippocampus after treatment with selective and mixed monoaminergic antidepressants.
2008 Jan 14
D-161, a novel pyran-based triple monoamine transporter blocker: behavioral pharmacological evidence for antidepressant-like action.
2008 Jul 28
Pharmacological separation of hEAG and hERG K+ channel function in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7.
2008 Jun
Gene expression profiling in rat liver treated with compounds inducing phospholipidosis.
2008 Jun 15
Community-based randomised controlled trial evaluating falls and osteoporosis risk management strategies.
2008 Nov 4
Suppressive effect of imipramine on vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia in mice.
2009 Jul
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Usual Adult Dose for Depression Tablets: Initial dose: 100 mg orally per day Maintenance dose: 100 to 200 mg orally per day (If no response after 2 weeks, increase to 250 to 300 mg per day) Maximum dose: 300 mg orally per day
Route of Administration: Oral
The inhibition percentage of human PON1 for imipramine was 15.6% at 100 ug/L after incubation for 1 h). At 350 ug/L, the inhibition percentage for imipramine 19.2% after 1 h and 20.2% after 2 h.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
Record UNII
BKE5Q1J60U
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
EP   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD   WHO-IP  
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MI]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
IMIZINE
Common Name English
IMIDOBENZYLE
Common Name English
TOFRANIL
Common Name English
Imipramine hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINI HYDROCHLORIDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
NSC-114900
Code English
PRAMINE
Brand Name English
PRYLEUGAN
Common Name English
PRESAMINE
Brand Name English
5-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-10,11-DIHYDRO-5H-DIBENZ(B,F)AZEPINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE
Systematic Name English
IMIPRAMINE HCL
Common Name English
JANIMINE
Brand Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [VANDF]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
5H-DIBENZ(B,F)AZEPINE-5-PROPANAMINE, 10,11-DIHYDRO-N,N-DIMETHYL-, MONOHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
G-22355
Code English
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C94727
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000092315
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
204-030-7
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M6232
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
CHEBI
47499
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID7040738
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL11
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB02644MIG
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
113-52-0
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DBSALT000099
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C29116
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
8228
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
BKE5Q1J60U
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
114900
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
5882
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Description: A white or slightly yellowish, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; practically insoluble in ether R. Category: Psychotherapeutic drug. Storage: Imipramine hydrochloride should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light. Additional information: Even in the absence of light, Imipramine hydrochloride is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures.Requirement: Imipramine hydrochloride contains not less than 98.0% and not more than the equivalent of 102.0% of C19H24N2,HCl, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
DAILYMED
BKE5Q1J60U
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1338007
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
150816
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
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