Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C19H24N2.ClH |
Molecular Weight | 316.868 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(CCC3=C1C=CC=C3)C=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=XZZXIYZZBJDEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H24N2.ClH/c1-20(2)14-7-15-21-18-10-5-3-8-16(18)12-13-17-9-4-6-11-19(17)21;/h3-6,8-11H,7,12-15H2,1-2H3;1H
Molecular Formula | ClH |
Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | C19H24N2 |
Molecular Weight | 280.4073 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/087846s028,087844s027,087845s027lbl.pdf
Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/087846s028,087844s027,087845s027lbl.pdf
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant with general pharmacological properties similar to those of structurally related tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline and doxepin. A tertiary amine, imipramine inhibits the reuptake of serotonin more so than most secondary amine tricyclics, meaning that it blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline almost equally. With chronic use, imipramine also down-regulates cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitizes post-synaptic sertonergic receptors, which also contributes to increased serotonergic transmission. It takes approximately 2 - 4 weeks for antidepressants effects to occur. The onset of action may be longer, up to 8 weeks, in some individuals. It is also effective in migraine prophylaxis, but not in abortion of acute migraine attack. Imipramine works by inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. It binds the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and sodium-dependent norepinephrine transporter preventing or reducing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by nerve cells. Depression has been linked to a lack of stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron by norepinephrine and serotonin. Slowing the reuptake of these neurotransmitters increases their concentration in the synaptic cleft, which is thought to contribute to relieving symptoms of depression. In addition to acutely inhibiting neurotransmitter re-uptake, imipramine causes down-regulation of cerebral cortical beta-adrenergic receptors and sensitization of post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. This leads to enhanced serotonergic transmission. Used for relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older. May also be used to manage panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, as a second line agent in ADHD, management of eating disorders, for short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and for symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/imipramine.html
Curator's Comment: CNS active and penetrant http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/S0009-9236(03)90534-0/abstract;jsessionid=0501D49064CCA6E885143C367F1535B3.f02t02
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25930134
Curator's Comment: Roland Kuhn, Swiss psychiatrist, discovered the therapeutic affect of imipramine in depression in 1957 http://www.cinp.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/history1.pdf
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P27169 Gene ID: 5444.0 Gene Symbol: PON1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001316 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL222 Sources: https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00458 |
12.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL228 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983139 |
3.2 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Tofranil Approved UseTofranil is used for:
Treating depression. It is also used in some children to help reduce bedwetting. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Launch Date4.5394559E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
107 μg/L |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
24.5 ng/mL |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
427 ng × h/mL |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 h |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
21.1 h |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
22% |
130 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 130 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: Desipramine |
IMIPRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-70 years n = 82 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depression | melancholia Age Group: 18-70 years Population Size: 82 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Nausea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Nausea (1 patient) Sources: |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Sleep disturbance, Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Sleep disturbance (3 patients) Sources: Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC (2 patients) Palpitations (2 patients) Anxiety (1 patient) Dry mouth (1 patient) Dizziness (3 patients) Flushing (1 patient) Constipation (1 patient) |
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, < 24 years Health Status: unhealthy Condition: depression Age Group: < 24 years Sources: |
Disc. AE: Suicidal ideation... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Suicidal ideation (grade 5) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nausea | 1 patient Disc. AE |
200 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 18-70 years n = 82 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: major depression | melancholia Age Group: 18-70 years Population Size: 82 Sources: |
Anxiety | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Constipation | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Dry mouth | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Flushing | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Palpitations | 2 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Urinary tract signs and symptoms NEC | 2 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Dizziness | 3 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Sleep disturbance | 3 patients Disc. AE |
25 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 42.6 ± 12.4 years n = 59 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: irritable bowel syndrome Age Group: 42.6 ± 12.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 59 Sources: |
Suicidal ideation | grade 5 Disc. AE |
75 mg/day 1 times / day steady, oral (starting) Recommended Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 75 mg/day, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, < 24 years Health Status: unhealthy Condition: depression Age Group: < 24 years Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes [IC50 6 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 182.9 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 42 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 42 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
The antinicotinic effects of drugs with clinically useful sedative-antianxiety properties. | 1975 |
|
Cardiac arrhythmia and imipramine therapy. | 1975 Mar 22 |
|
Imipramine-induced heart block. A longitudinal case study. | 1975 Mar 31 |
|
Imipramine dosage in children: a comment on "imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children". | 1975 May |
|
Imipramine and electrocardiographic abnormalities in hyperactive children. | 1975 May |
|
[Behavior pharmacology of maprotiline, a new antidepressant]. | 1975 Nov |
|
Letter: Imipramine-induced heart block. | 1975 Oct 27 |
|
Imipramine toxicity. | 1975 Sep |
|
Pediatric cardiovascular effects of imipramine and desipramine. | 1991 Jan |
|
Rabbit syndrome, antidepressant use, and cerebral perfusion SPECT scan findings. | 1991 Nov |
|
[Clinical-pharmacological case report: drug-induced inappropriate ADH secretion]. | 1992 Nov 17 |
|
Gabapentin therapy for cocaine cravings. | 2000 Dec |
|
Sudden death of a child treated with imipramine. Case study. | 2000 Winter |
|
The use of short-form quality of life questionnaires to measure the impact of imipramine on women with urge incontinence. | 2001 |
|
Induction of cysteine string protein after chronic antidepressant treatment in rat frontal cortex. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
Moclobemide vs. imipramine in bipolar depression: a multicentre double-blind clinical trial. | 2001 Aug |
|
Differential inhibition and inactivation of human CYP1 enzymes by trans-resveratrol: evidence for mechanism-based inactivation of CYP1A2. | 2001 Dec |
|
[Depression in the elderly. Medical treatment]. | 2001 Feb 24 |
|
Relative bioavailability of imipramine (Tofranil) coated tablets in healthy volunteers. | 2001 Jun |
|
Pharmacokinetics of imipramine in narcoleptic horses. | 2001 May |
|
[Evaluation of analgesic action of fluvoxamine compared with efficacy of imipramine and tramadol for treatment of sciatica--open trial]. | 2002 |
|
Effect of fluoxetine and imipramine on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the antipsychotic quetiapine. | 2002 Apr |
|
Adverse pulmonary vascular effects of high dose tricyclic antidepressants: acute and chronic animal studies. | 2002 Aug |
|
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of different antidepressants in the rat. | 2003 Aug |
|
Phenelzine treatment increases transcription factor AP-2 levels in rat brain. | 2003 Aug 28 |
|
Prescription of QT-prolonging drugs in a cohort of about 5 million outpatients. | 2003 Feb 1 |
|
N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes and heterologously expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. | 2003 Nov |
|
Glutathione S-transferase pi as a target for tricyclic antidepressants in human brain. | 2004 |
|
Long-term imipramine withdrawal induces a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swimming test. | 2004 May 10 |
|
Evaluation of fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes as in vitro drug metabolism tools for the prediction of metabolic clearance. | 2004 Nov |
|
[Effect of acute melipramine administration on motor activity and defensive conditioned reflexes of passive and active avoidance in rats]. | 2004 Nov-Dec |
|
Mechanism of block of hEag1 K+ channels by imipramine and astemizole. | 2004 Oct |
|
[Cardiac arrhythmia in amitriptyline poisoning in children]. | 2005 Apr-Jun |
|
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods. | 2005 Jun |
|
Organophosphorothionate pesticides inhibit the bioactivation of imipramine by human hepatic cytochrome P450s. | 2005 Jun 15 |
|
QTc prolongation associated with combination therapy of levofloxacin, imipramine, and fluoxetine. | 2005 Mar |
|
Serotonin (5HT), fluoxetine, imipramine and dopamine target distinct 5HT receptor signaling to modulate Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying behavior. | 2005 Mar |
|
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 polymorphisms in a Japanese population and kinetics of clozapine glucuronidation. | 2005 May |
|
[Lack of antidepresant-like activity of some ligands of polyamine binding sites of NMDA receptors in models of depression]. | 2006 Jan-Feb |
|
Frequency of high-risk use of QT-prolonging medications. | 2006 Jun |
|
Antidepressant drugs activate SREBP and up-regulate cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in human glial cells. | 2006 Mar 13 |
|
Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. | 2007 |
|
Histone deacetylase 5 epigenetically controls behavioral adaptations to chronic emotional stimuli. | 2007 Nov 8 |
|
In vitro detection of drug-induced phospholipidosis using gene expression and fluorescent phospholipid based methodologies. | 2007 Sep |
|
Temporal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the rat hippocampus after treatment with selective and mixed monoaminergic antidepressants. | 2008 Jan 14 |
|
D-161, a novel pyran-based triple monoamine transporter blocker: behavioral pharmacological evidence for antidepressant-like action. | 2008 Jul 28 |
|
Pharmacological separation of hEAG and hERG K+ channel function in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7. | 2008 Jun |
|
Gene expression profiling in rat liver treated with compounds inducing phospholipidosis. | 2008 Jun 15 |
|
Community-based randomised controlled trial evaluating falls and osteoporosis risk management strategies. | 2008 Nov 4 |
|
Suppressive effect of imipramine on vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia in mice. | 2009 Jul |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/imipramine.html
Usual Adult Dose for Depression
Tablets:
Initial dose: 100 mg orally per day
Maintenance dose: 100 to 200 mg orally per day (If no response after 2 weeks, increase to 250 to 300 mg per day)
Maximum dose: 300 mg orally per day
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001316
The inhibition percentage of human PON1 for imipramine was 15.6% at 100 ug/L after incubation for 1 h). At 350 ug/L, the inhibition percentage for imipramine 19.2% after 1 h and 20.2% after 2 h.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Wed Jul 05 22:43:57 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
BKE5Q1J60U
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C94727
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100000092315
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M6232
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47499
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DTXSID7040738
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CHEMBL11
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C29116
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IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
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PRIMARY | Description: A white or slightly yellowish, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; practically insoluble in ether R. Category: Psychotherapeutic drug. Storage: Imipramine hydrochloride should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light. Additional information: Even in the absence of light, Imipramine hydrochloride is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures.Requirement: Imipramine hydrochloride contains not less than 98.0% and not more than the equivalent of 102.0% of C19H24N2,HCl, calculated with reference to the dried substance. | ||
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ASSAY (HPLC)
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
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BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (TITRATION)
EP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
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ACTIVE MOIETY |