APOMORPHINE

First marketed in 1880

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C17H17NO2
Molecular Weight	267.323
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CN1CCc2cccc-3c2[C@@]1([H])Cc4ccc(c(c43)O)O

InChI

InChIKey=VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N

InChI=1S/C17H17NO2/c1-18-8-7-10-3-2-4-12-15(10)13(18)9-11-5-6-14(19)17(20)16(11)12/h2-6,13,19-20H,7-9H2,1H3/t13-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C17H17NO2
Molecular Weight	267.323
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf

Apomorphine (brand names: Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima) is indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, “off” episodes (“end-of-dose wearing off” and unpredictable “on/off” episodes) in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Apomorphine has been studied as an adjunct to other medications. It is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high in vitro binding affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor, and moderate affinity for the dopamine D2, D3, and D5, and adrenergic α1D, α2B, α2C receptors. The precise mechanism of action as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease is unknown, although it is believed to be due to stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2-type receptors within the caudate-putamen in the brain.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
D2-like dopamine receptor 9 Target ID: CHEMBL2331075 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27561098	Agonist 2458

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Parkinson's disease 218 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf	Palliative		Approved 8003	APOKYN Approved Use APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) is indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. APOKYN has been studied as an adjunct to other medications [see Clinical Studies (14) Launch Date 1.08241918E12

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
47.5 pmol/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/	30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous dose: 30 μg/kg bw route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		APOMORPHINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
41.7 pmol × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/	30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous dose: 30 μg/kg bw route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		APOMORPHINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
33.6 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/	30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous dose: 30 μg/kg bw route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		APOMORPHINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
4 mg single, respiratory Highest studied dose Dose: 4 mg Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 4 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	unhealthy, 30 - 90 years n = 5 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 30 - 90 years Sex: unknown Population Size: 5 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2
1.5 mg single, respiratory Recommended Dose: 1.5 mg Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 1.5 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	unhealthy, 30 - 90 years n = 32 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 30 - 90 years Sex: unknown Population Size: 32 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	Other AEs: Somnolence, Dysgeusia... Other AEs: Somnolence (1 patient) Dysgeusia (1 patient) Dizziness (1 patient) Orthostatic hypotension (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2
2.3 mg single, respiratory Recommended Dose: 2.3 mg Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 2.3 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	unhealthy, 30 - 90 years n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 30 - 90 years Sex: unknown Population Size: 18 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2
3 mg single, respiratory Recommended Dose: 3 mg Route: respiratory Route: single Dose: 3 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	unhealthy, 30 - 90 years n = 12 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 30 - 90 years Sex: unknown Population Size: 12 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2	Other AEs: Somnolence, Yawning... Other AEs: Somnolence (1 patient) Yawning (1 patient) Flushing (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/ Page: Table 2
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: steady Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/ Page: Fig. 1	unhealthy, 44 - 87 years n = 114 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 44 - 87 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 114 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/ Page: Fig. 1	Disc. AE: Cognitive impairment, Skin reaction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cognitive impairment (16 patients) Skin reaction (14 patients) Posture abnormal (12 patients) Psychosis (11 patient) Anxiety/depression (11 patient) Hypotension (3 patients) Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS) (1 patient) Cardiovascular disorder (1 patient) Weight loss (1 patient) Excessive daytime sleepiness (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/ Page: Fig. 1
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, subcutaneous (mean) Highest studied dose Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: multiple Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/	unhealthy, 65.21 years n = 546 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: 65.21 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 546 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/	Disc. AE: Nausea and vomiting... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Nausea and vomiting (187 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: steady Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: trimethobenzamide Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 4	unhealthy, adult n = 522 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 522 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 4	Disc. AE: Nausea, Vomiting... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Nausea (3%) Vomiting (2%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 4
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: steady Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 5	unhealthy, adult n = 522 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 522 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 5	Disc. AE: Hallucination... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hallucination (1%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf Page: 5
35 mg 1 times / day steady, sublingual (max) Recommended Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day Route: sublingual Route: steady Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/	unhealthy, mean 62.9 years n = 54 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Parkinson's disease Age Group: mean 62.9 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 54 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/	Disc. AE: Respiratory tract signs and symptoms... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Respiratory tract signs and symptoms (9 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inducer 707	inhibitor 1605	inhibitor 1701

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1386 CYP2B6 718 CYP2C8 818 CYP2C19 1324 CYP3A4/5 240 BCRP 654 BSEP 378 P-gp 1344 MRP2 349 MRP3 151 MRP4 197 MATE1 296 MATE2 257 OATP1B1 741 OATP1B3 657 OAT1 564 OAT3 591 OCT1 488 OCT2 602	UGT 172 sulfotransferases 33 CYP2B6 616 CYP2C8 645 CYP3A4/5 76	CYP1A2 642 CYP2B6 499 OCT1 19 P-gp 247 MRP2 106 MRP3 61 OATP1B1 26 BCRP 70

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite
BCRP 723	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
BSEP 379	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP1A2 1532	inducer 1443 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP1A2 1532	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2B6 887	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
CYP2B6 887	inducer 1443 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2B6 887	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2C19 1394	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2C8 868	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2C9 1652	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP2D6 1735	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP3A4 1768	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
CYP3A4 1768	inducer 1443 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP3A4/5 292	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
MATE2 257	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
MRP2 436	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
MRP2 436	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
MRP3 209	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
MRP4 229	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OATP1B1 756	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
OATP1B1 756	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OATP1B3 666	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OCT1 503	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
OCT1 503	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OCT2 603	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
P-gp 1519	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	no
P-gp 1519	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	no	apomorphine glucuronide 3
BCRP 723	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	weak [Inhibition 50 uM]	apomorphine glucuronide 3
MATE1 298	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	weak [Inhibition 50 uM]	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OAT1 568	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	weak [Inhibition 50 uM]	apomorphine glucuronide 3
OAT3 593	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	weak [Inhibition 50 uM]	apomorphine glucuronide 3
MRP3 209	inhibitor 3041 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=17 Page: 17.0	yes [IC50 50 uM]	apomorphine glucuronide 3
CYP1A2 1532	inducer 1443 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183402/	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2B6 616	substrate 3107 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=28 Page: 28.0	yes
CYP2C8 645	substrate 3107 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=28 Page: 28.0	yes
CYP3A4/5 76	substrate 3107 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=28 Page: 28.0	yes
UGT 172	substrate 3107 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=2 Page: 2.0	yes
sulfotransferases 33	substrate 3107 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/210875Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=15 Page: 15.0	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:48538	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:48538
ZINC	ZINC000000009073	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000009073
eMolecules	901400	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=901400

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission in the neurobiology of the apomorphine-induced aggressive behavior paradigm, a model of psychotic behavior in rats.	2000 Oct	11256236
The Posturo-Locomotion-Manual Test. A simple method for the characterization of neurological movement disturbances.	2001	11347247
Dopamine agonists.	2001	11346030
A risk-benefit assessment of sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.	2001	11330655
Compulsive checking behavior of quinpirole-sensitized rats as an animal model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD): form and control.	2001	11316464
Intrapallidal dopamine restores motor deficits induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in the rat.	2001	11314770
Dopaminergic mRNA expression in the intact substantia nigra of unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned and grafted rats: an in situ hybridization study.	2001	11314769
Acute trazodone and quipazine treatment attenuates apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in male rats without major impact on emotional behaviour or monoamine content post mortem.	2001 Apr	11352540
Inhibition of baclofen on morphine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity.	2001 Apr	11352538
The effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on memory consolidation in the day-old chick.	2001 Apr	11345962
Mechanisms of inverse agonism of antipsychotic drugs at the D(2) dopamine receptor: use of a mutant D(2) dopamine receptor that adopts the activated conformation.	2001 Apr	11299312
Resolution of stroke deficits following contralateral grafts of conditionally immortal neuroepithelial stem cells.	2001 Apr	11283405
A nitric oxide-dopamine link pathway in organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of rat brain exerts control over blood pressure.	2001 Apr	11264246
Attenuation of paraquat-induced dopaminergic toxicity on the substantia nigra by (-)-deprenyl in vivo.	2001 Apr 1	11264021
Dose-dependent protective effects of apomorphine against methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal damage.	2001 Apr 13	11292446
Growth and functional efficacy of intrastriatal nigral transplants depend on the extent of nigrostriatal degeneration.	2001 Apr 15	11306640
Neostriatal muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in the generation of tremulous jaw movements in rodents implications for cholinergic involvement in parkinsonism.	2001 Apr 27	11392629
Generation and pharmacological analysis of M2 and M4 muscarinic receptor knockout mice.	2001 Apr 27	11392613
NMDA glutamate receptor stimulation is required for the expression of D2 dopamine mediated responses in apomorphine primed 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats.	2001 Apr 6	11282380
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin attenuates motor stimulation and changes in nucleus accumbens extracellular dopamine induced by cocaine in rats.	2001 Feb	11291998
Key issues from the clinical trials of apomorphine SL.	2001 Feb	11289567
[Motor impairment, in patients with severe Parkinson's disease, associated with dopaminergic hyperstimulation (entacapone)].	2001 Feb	11257935
Comparison of the effects of infant handling, isolation, and nonhandling on acoustic startle, prepulse inhibition, locomotion, and HPA activity in the adult rat.	2001 Feb	11256454
Apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.	2001 Feb	11233359
The role of neurochemical mechanisms of ventromedial hypothalamus in various models of anxiety in rats.	2001 Jan	11329078
Clinical and electrophysiological effects of apomorphine in Parkinson's disease patients are not paralleled by amino acid release changes: a microdialysis study.	2001 Jan-Mar	11396272
Erectile dysfunction.	2001 Jun	11397828
Startle and sensorimotor gating in rats lacking CCK-A receptors.	2001 Jun	11331146
Dopamine attenuates prefrontal cortical suppression of sensory inputs to the basolateral amygdala of rats.	2001 Jun 1	11356897
Entopeduncular lesions facilitate and thalamic lesions depress spontaneous and drug-evoked motor behavior in the hemiparkinsonian rat.	2001 Jun 1	11304759
Forced limb-use effects on the behavioral and neurochemical effects of 6-hydroxydopamine.	2001 Jun 15	11404429
Corticosterone selectively attenuates 8-OH-DPAT-mediated hypothermia in mice.	2001 Mar	11343623
Reproductive experience modulates dopamine-related behavioral responses.	2001 Mar	11325414
Increased sensitivity of dopamine systems following reproductive experience in rats.	2001 Mar	11325402
Stimulus properties of 7-OH-DPAT versus auto- and postsynaptic receptor-specific doses of quinpirole.	2001 Mar	11325401
Differential effects of 7-OH-DPAT on the development of behavioral sensitization to apomorphine and cocaine.	2001 Mar	11325394
Psychopathological correlates of reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in depression, schizophrenia, and opiate and alcohol dependence.	2001 Mar	11302566
Consensus statement on the role of acute dopaminergic challenge in Parkinson's disease.	2001 Mar	11295770
Neural modulation of visuomotor functions underlying prey-catching behaviour in anurans: perception, attention, motor performance, learning.	2001 Mar	11246037
Apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in para-chlorophenylalanine-treated male rats: implications to brain.	2001 Mar	11245410
Potent, hydroxyl radical-scavenging effect of apomorphine with iron and dopamine perfusion in rat striatum.	2001 Mar 30	11277987
Oral drug therapy for erectile dysfunction.	2001 May	11402584
Pharmacology of erectile function and dysfunction.	2001 May	11402577
Apomorphine and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: a dilemma?	2001 May	11394190
The broad-spectrum anti-emetic activity of AS-8112, a novel dopamine D2, D3 and 5-HT3 receptors antagonist.	2001 May	11350861
Interaction between D2 dopaminergic and glutamatergic excitatory influences on lower urinary tract function in normal and cerebral-infarcted rats.	2001 May	11312567
Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonists produce cerebellar dysfunction in mice.	2001 May	11303052
Central dopaminergic function in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a psychoneuroendocrine approach.	2001 May	11259859
Intrasubthalamic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine induces changes in the firing rate and pattern of subthalamic nucleus neurons in the rat.	2001 May	11252026
Additive effect of clonidine and fluoxetine on apomorphine-induced aggressive behavior in adult male Wistar rats.	2001 May-Jun	11395183

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

The recommended starting dose of is 0.2 mL (2 mg). Titrate on the basis of effectiveness and tolerance, up to a maximum recommended dose of 0.6 mL (6 mg)

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Apomorphine at concentrations of higher than 2 x 10(-5) M dramatically reduced the growth-stimulatory effect of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells on the scleral chondrocytes, whereas the inhibitory effect of apomorphine on the proliferation of scleral chondrocytes without RPE cells was very little

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 01:32:11 UTC 2021` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Jun 26 01:32:11 UTC 2021`
Record UNII	N21FAR7B4S
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

APOMORPHINE

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINUM

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

VR-040

Code

English

APL-130277

Code

English

VR040

Code

English

4H-DIBENZO(DE,G)QUINOLINE-10,11-DIOL, 5,6,6A,7-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHYL-, (R)-

Common Name

English

6A.BETA.-APORPHINE-10,11-DIOL

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINUM [HPUS]

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINE [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

APOMORPHINE [MI]

Common Name

English

(6AR)-5,6,6A,7-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHYL-4H-DIBENZO(DE,G)QUINOLINE-10,11-DIOL

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C66884