Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C10H7Cl2N3O |
Molecular Weight | 256.088 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
ClC1=CC=C2NC3=NC(=O)CN3CC2=C1Cl
InChI
InChIKey=OTBXOEAOVRKTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H7Cl2N3O/c11-6-1-2-7-5(9(6)12)3-15-4-8(16)14-10(15)13-7/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,13,14,16)
Molecular Formula | C10H7Cl2N3O |
Molecular Weight | 256.088 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456
Anagrelide is an orally active quinazinolone derivative that was originally developed as an antiplatelet drug. The drug inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) and phopholipase A2, which is thought to cause the side effects of vasodilation, positive inotropism, reduced platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders. Commonly reported side effects of anagrelide include: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea, and palpitations. Other side effects include: back pain, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and anorexia. There is a single case report, which suggests that sucralfate may interfere with anagrelide absorption. Anagrelide is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP PDE III. The effects of medicinal products with similar properties such as inotropes milrinone, enoximone, amrinone, olprinone and cilostazol may be exacerbated by anagrelide.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094125 |
36.0 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: Phopholipase A2 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456 |
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Target ID: P05177 Gene ID: 1544.0 Gene Symbol: CYP1A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | AGRYLIN Approved UseAnagrelide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders, to reduce the elevated platelet count and the risk of thrombosis and to ameliorate associated symptoms including thrombo-hemorrhagic events (see CLINICAL STUDIES, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Launch Date1997 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.28 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
28.39 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.38 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Disc. AE: Dizziness postural, Palpitations... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Dizziness postural (6.25%) Sources: Page: p.33Palpitations (12.5%) Chest pain (6.25%) Sinus tachycardia (6.25%) Abdominal pain (6.25%) |
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Disc. AE: Headache, Diarrhea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache Sources: Page: p.4Diarrhea Edema Palpitations Abdominal pain |
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Disc. AE: Cardiotoxicity, QT interval prolonged... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cardiotoxicity Sources: Page: p.1QT interval prolonged Ventricular tachycardia Pulmonary hypertension Bleeding |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Palpitations | 12.5% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Abdominal pain | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Chest pain | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Dizziness postural | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Sinus tachycardia | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Abdominal pain | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Diarrhea | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Edema | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Headache | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Palpitations | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Bleeding | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Cardiotoxicity | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Pulmonary hypertension | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
QT interval prolonged | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Ventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Inhibitors of blood platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase. 2. Structure-activity relationships associated with 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-ones substituted with functionalized side chains. | 1992 Jul 10 |
|
Anagrelide metabolite induces thrombocytopenia in mice by inhibiting megakaryocyte maturation without inducing platelet aggregation. | 2001 Dec |
|
Long-term use of anagrelide in young patients with essential thrombocythemia. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
Current management in polycythemia vera. | 2001 Jan |
|
Management of patients with essential thrombocythemia: current concepts and perspectives. | 2001 Mar |
|
[Treatment of essential thrombocythemia with anagrelide: a ten-year experience]. | 2002 |
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What is the standard treatment in essential thrombocythemia. | 2002 Aug |
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Therapeutic options for essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. | 2002 Jun |
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[Recurring ischemic cerebral infarction caused by primary thrombocytosis in infancy]. | 2003 Dec 1-15 |
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Pilot study of pegylated interferon-alpha 2b in patients with essential thrombocythemia. | 2003 Jan |
|
Treatment of essential thrombocythemia in childhood. | 2003 Jul-Aug |
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Efficacy and safety of long-term use of hydroxyurea in young patients with essential thrombocythemia and a high risk of thrombosis. | 2003 May 1 |
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Acute leukemia and myelodysplasia in patients with a Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorder treated with hydroxyurea alone or with hydroxyurea after busulphan. | 2003 Sep |
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Treatment paradigms in the management of myeloproliferative disorders. | 2004 Apr |
|
[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of essential thrombocythemia in children]. | 2004 Jul-Sep |
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Thrombocytosis. | 2004 Mar 18 |
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Essential thrombocythaemia in children: is a treatment needed? | 2004 May |
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Essential thrombocythemia-related acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A case report and literature review. | 2004 May-Jun |
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Anagrelide-associated cardiomyopathy in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. | 2004 Nov |
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[Unclear liver fibrosis in a 42-year-old patient with polycythemia vera]. | 2004 Nov |
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[Retrospective analysis of the clinical course of 12 children given the diagnosis essential thrombocythemia]. | 2004 Nov-Dec |
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Anagrelide treatment in 52 patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases. | 2004 Oct |
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Effects of anagrelide on platelet factor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia. | 2004 Sep |
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Primary and secondary thrombocytosis in childhood. | 2005 Apr |
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High-output heart failure associated with anagrelide therapy for essential thrombocytosis. | 2005 Aug 16 |
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High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of anagrelide in human plasma. | 2005 Aug 5 |
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Myeloproliferative disorders. | 2005 Jul-Aug |
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Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods. | 2005 Jun |
|
Management of patients with polycythaemia vera: results of a survey among Swedish haematologists. | 2005 Jun |
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Treatment of symptomatic patients with essential thrombocythemia: effectiveness of anagrelide. | 2005 Sep |
|
Risk-adapted therapy in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. | 2005 Sep |
|
Anagrelide: a review of its use in the management of essential thrombocythaemia. | 2006 |
Sample Use Guides
0.5 mg qid or 1 mg bid (2 capsules of 0.5 mg twice a day) for at least one week
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456068
Anagrelide was studied as an inhibitor of PDE fractions I, II and III separated from each other from rabbit heart supernatant. Anagrelide did not inhibit PDE I or II except at a concentration of 10(-4) M where inhibition of 33 and 39%, respectively, was noted. As expected, anagrelide inhibited PDE fraction III with a dose-response curve that was closely similar to that seen in the human platelet preparation. The IC50 for inhibition of the rabbit heart PDE fraction III was 7 x 10(-8) M.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:51:16 GMT 2023
by
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on
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Record UNII |
K9X45X0051
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
935223
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548467
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
14586
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NDF-RT |
N0000175972
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
20887
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
6985
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WHO-VATC |
QL01XX35
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1327
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NDF-RT |
N0000175638
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WHO-ATC |
L01XX35
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142290
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C28825
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SUB05499MIG
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68475-42-3
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m1886
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7114
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CHEMBL760
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ANAGRELIDE
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Anagrelide
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596724
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K9X45X0051
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7325
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DB00261
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4672
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METABOLIC ENZYME -> SUBSTRATE | |||
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OFF-TARGET->INHIBITOR |
IC50
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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EXCRETED UNCHANGED |
URINE
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE INACTIVE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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