α-Ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle. It also plays an important role in preventing nitrogen overload by combining with nitrogen released within the cell. It is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids and the transfer of cellular energy. In combination with L-glutamate, AKG can reduce levels of ammonia formed in the brain, muscles and kidneys, as well as help balance the body’s nitrogen chemistry and prevent nitrogen excess in body tissues and fluids. Individuals with high protein intake or gastrointestinal microbiota imbalance may benefit from supplemental AKG to help balance ammonia levels and protect tissues. AKG inhibits ATP synthase subunit β and is dependent on target of rapamycin (TOR) downstream. Inhibition by AKG leads to reduced ATP content, decreased oxygen consumption. Administration of AKG has been shown to be beneficial for proper development and function of the skeletal system during growth of young organisms, as well as in adulthood. In the form of a dietary supplement it also contributes to inhibition of osteoporosis in women. Moreover, it promotes the growth of muscle mass and accelerates wound healing. AKG has a significant impact on the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy animals and animals with damaged gastrointestinal tract mucosa. It is also a promising substance for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome, as it stimulates beneficial changes in intestinal morphology. In addition, was shown, that α-Ketoglutarate can scavenge hydrogen peroxide generated by ascorbate and epigallocatechin gallate in cell culture media.