ACEPROMAZINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molecular Weight	326.456
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)C(C)=O)C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=NOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C19H22N2OS/c1-14(22)15-9-10-19-17(13-15)21(12-6-11-20(2)3)16-7-4-5-8-18(16)23-19/h4-5,7-10,13H,6,11-12H2,1-3H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molecular Weight	326.456
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html | https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine

Acepromazine a potent neuroleptic agent with a low order of toxicity, is of particular value in the tranquilization of dogs, cats and horses. Its rapid action and lack of hypnotic effect are added advantages. Acepromazine is a commonly used tranquilizer/sedative in dogs, cats, horses, and other animals. Veterinarians typically prescribe acepromazine to quiet agitated animals or use it as a part of an anesthetic protocol. It is important to note that when used alone, acepromazine is not an effective pain reliever and does little if anything to relieve a pet’s anxiety or fear. Acepromazine can also be used to treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plane rides. The mechanism by which acepromazine decreases a pet’s alertness is not fully understood. It is thought to block dopamine receptors in the brain or inhibit the activity of dopamine in other ways.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Dopamine receptor 60 Target ID: CHEMBL2096905 Sources: https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01614	Antagonist 2778
neurological system process 6 Target ID: GO:0050877 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html \| https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Agitation (veterinary) 3 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Primary		Approved 8429	ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE Approved Use Actions: Acepromazine maleate has a depressant effect on the central nervous system and therefore, causes sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. It acts rapidly, exerting a prompt and pronounced calming effect. Indications: Dogs and Cats: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling intractable animals during examination, treatment, grooming, x-ray and minor surgical procedures; to alleviate itching as a result of skin irritation; as an antiemetic to control vomiting associated with motion sickness. Acepromazine Maleate Injection is particularly useful as a preanesthetic agent (1) to enhance and prolong the effects of barbiturates, thus reducing the requirements for general anesthesia; (2) as an adjunct to surgery under local anesthesia. Horses: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling fractious animals during examination, treatment, loading and transportation. Particularly useful when used in conjunction with local anesthesia for firing, castration, neurectomy, removal of skin tumors, ocular surgery and applying casts.
Schizophrenia 298 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13536530	Primary		Not Provided 504	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Application of pulsed Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of small intestinal motility in dogs.	2001 Apr	14614298
Pulp histology after Er:YAG laser cavity preparation in subhuman primates--a pilot study.	2002 Aug	12428525
Combination therapy for footpad lesions in a captive Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris).	2002 Dec	12564540
The brain matrix and multifocal brain damage following a single injection of ketamine in young adult rats: conspicuous changes in old age.	2002 Dec	12509193
Effects of treatment with oxytocin, xylazine butorphanol, guaifenesin, acepromazine, and detomidine on esophageal manometric pressure in conscious horses.	2002 Dec	12492291
In vitro effects of oxytocin, acepromazine, detomidine, xylazine, butorphanol, terbutaline, isoproterenol, and dantrolene on smooth and skeletal muscles of the equine esophagus.	2002 Dec	12492290
Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine and acepromazine in pregnant cows in late gestation.	2002 Dec	12492284
Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs.	2002 Dec	12492281
Central sympathetic blockade ameliorates brain death-induced cardiotoxicity and associated changes in myocardial gene expression.	2002 Dec	12447173
[Priapism in the stallion].	2002 Dec 15	12516385
The effects of xylazine, detomidine, acepromazine and butorphanol on equine solid phase gastric emptying rate.	2002 Jul	12358052
Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication.	2002 Jul	12118677
Cerebral blood volume measurements by rapid contrast infusion and T2*-weighted echo planar MRI.	2002 Jun	12111961
Structure of TAR RNA complexed with a Tat-TAR interaction nanomolar inhibitor that was identified by computational screening.	2002 Jun	12079782
Reduced resident time and pharmacodynamic effects of acepromazine after subclinical multiple dosage in exercised thoroughbreds.	2002 Oct	12423229
Effects of two preanesthetic regimens for ophthalmic surgery on intraocular pressure and cardiovascular measurements in dogs.	2002 Spring	12050831
Hematology and serum chemistry of the island spotted skunk on Santa Cruz Island.	2003 Apr	12910779
Effects of acepromazine on capture stress in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).	2003 Apr	12910765
Postoperative hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration and receiving butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia.	2003 Feb 1	12564595
Effects of dopamine antagonists on alfentanil-induced locomotor activity in horses.	2003 Jul	14498848
Changes in the EEG during castration in horses and ponies anaesthetized with halothane.	2003 Jul	14498845
Hypotensive effect of push-pull gravitational stress occurs after autonomic blockade.	2003 Jul	12794095
Progressive changes in ophthalmic blood velocities in Beagles with primary open angle glaucoma.	2003 Mar	12641848
Changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size following intramuscular administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride and acepromazine in clinically normal dogs.	2003 Mar	12641847
Method for the noninvasive measurement of intraocular pressure in mice.	2003 Mar	12601041
Effects of acepromazine on renal function in anesthetized dogs.	2003 May	12755300
Temporal changes in ventricular function assessed echocardiographically in conscious and anesthetized mice.	2003 Nov	14608286
Effects of midazolam-butorphanol, acepromazine-butorphanol and medetomidine on an induction dose of propofol and their compatibility in dogs.	2003 Oct	14600358
A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy.	2003 Oct	12925179
Analysis of phenothiazine and its derivatives using LC/electrochemistry/MS and LC/electrochemistry/fluorescence.	2003 Sep 15	14674461
The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs.	2004 Apr	15053748
Development of a rapid screening test for veterinary sedatives and the beta-blocker carazolol in porcine kidney by ELISA.	2004 Feb	14752562
The neuromatrix and the epileptic brain: behavioral and learning preservation in limbic epileptic rats treated with ketamine but not acepromazine.	2004 Feb	14751217
Ganglion cell contributions to the rat full-field electroretinogram.	2004 Feb 15	14578484
Systemic lidocaine infusion as an analgesic for intraocular surgery in dogs: a pilot study.	2004 Jan	14756754
Evaluation of intraperitoneal and incisional lidocaine or bupivacaine for analgesia following ovariohysterectomy in the dog.	2004 Jan	14756753
Effects of acepromazine on the incidence of vomiting associated with opioid administration in dogs.	2004 Jan	14756752
Elevated nociceptive thresholds in rats with multifocal brain damage induced with single subcutaneous injections of lithium and pilocarpine.	2004 Jun	15209296
Middle-latency auditory-evoked potential in acepromazine-sedated dogs.	2004 Mar-Apr	15058770
Effects of various anesthetic agents on laryngeal motion during laryngoscopy in normal dogs.	2004 Mar-Apr	15027970
Normal spatial and contextual learning for ketamine-treated rats in the pilocarpine epilepsy model.	2004 May	15159140
Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis.	2004 Oct	15509290
Therapeutic effects of Holmium-166 chitosan complex in rat brain tumor model.	2005 Feb 28	15744805
Overdose during chemical restraint in a black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).	2005 Jan	15663740
Laparoscopic nonanatomic hepatic resection employing the LigaSure device.	2005 Jan-Mar	15791967
Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses.	2005 Mar	15762913
Muscle metabolic changes associated with long-term inhalation anaesthesia in the horse analysed by muscle biopsy and microdialysis techniques.	2005 Mar	15737180
Results of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy following premedication with medetomidine or acepromazine.	2005 Mar 1	15776946
Analgesic efficacy of preoperative administration of meloxicam or butorphanol in onychectomized cats.	2005 Mar 15	15786993
Gamma scintigraphic evaluation of a miniaturized AERx pulmonary delivery system for aerosol delivery to anesthetized animals using a positive pressure ventilation system.	2005 Spring	15741772

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Acepromazine Maleate Injection may be given intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The following schedule may be used as a guide to IV, IM or SC injections: Dogs: 0.25-0.5 mg/lb of body weight. Cats: 0.5-1 mg/lb of body weight. Horses: 2-4 mg/100 lb of body weight. 0.25 - 3 mg per kg body weight by oral administration.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

The crude extract of Chlamydia pneumoniae induced the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in 45 ± 5% of the cells. Acepromazine significantly reduced the mean percentage of differentiated cells: with 10−5 M ACP, 18 ± % (p < 0.005) of the cells differentiated into macrophages and with 10−4 M the mean percentage of differentiated cells was equivalent to the control values: 5 ± 1% (p < 0.001). Viability of the differentiated and nondifferentiated THP-1 was = 98%.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 16:15:27 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 16:15:27 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	54EJ303F0R
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ACEPROMAZINE

Official Name

English

ATRAVET

Brand Name

English

CONCENTRAT VO34

Brand Name

English

ETHANONE, 1-(10-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-10H-PHENOTHIAZIN-2-YL)-

Systematic Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

acepromazine [INN]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ACEZINE 2

Brand Name

English

ACETYLPROMAZINE

Common Name

English

10-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)PHENOTHIAZIN-2-YL METHYL KETONE

Systematic Name

English

ACP

Common Name

English

ACE

Common Name

English

Acepromazine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QN05AA04