ACEPROMAZINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molecular Weight	326.456
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)C(C)=O)C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=NOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C19H22N2OS/c1-14(22)15-9-10-19-17(13-15)21(12-6-11-20(2)3)16-7-4-5-8-18(16)23-19/h4-5,7-10,13H,6,11-12H2,1-3H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molecular Weight	326.456
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html | https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine

Acepromazine a potent neuroleptic agent with a low order of toxicity, is of particular value in the tranquilization of dogs, cats and horses. Its rapid action and lack of hypnotic effect are added advantages. Acepromazine is a commonly used tranquilizer/sedative in dogs, cats, horses, and other animals. Veterinarians typically prescribe acepromazine to quiet agitated animals or use it as a part of an anesthetic protocol. It is important to note that when used alone, acepromazine is not an effective pain reliever and does little if anything to relieve a pet’s anxiety or fear. Acepromazine can also be used to treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plane rides. The mechanism by which acepromazine decreases a pet’s alertness is not fully understood. It is thought to block dopamine receptors in the brain or inhibit the activity of dopamine in other ways.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Dopamine receptor 58 Target ID: CHEMBL2096905 Sources: https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01614	Antagonist 2760
neurological system process 5 Target ID: GO:0050877 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html \| https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Inhibitor 8228

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Agitation (veterinary) 2 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Primary		Approved 8360	ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE Approved Use Actions: Acepromazine maleate has a depressant effect on the central nervous system and therefore, causes sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. It acts rapidly, exerting a prompt and pronounced calming effect. Indications: Dogs and Cats: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling intractable animals during examination, treatment, grooming, x-ray and minor surgical procedures; to alleviate itching as a result of skin irritation; as an antiemetic to control vomiting associated with motion sickness. Acepromazine Maleate Injection is particularly useful as a preanesthetic agent (1) to enhance and prolong the effects of barbiturates, thus reducing the requirements for general anesthesia; (2) as an adjunct to surgery under local anesthesia. Horses: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling fractious animals during examination, treatment, loading and transportation. Particularly useful when used in conjunction with local anesthesia for firing, castration, neurectomy, removal of skin tumors, ocular surgery and applying casts.
Schizophrenia 295 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13536530	Primary		Not Provided 503	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Application of pulsed Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of small intestinal motility in dogs.	2001 Apr	14614298
Effect of propofol at two injection rates or thiopentone on post-intubation apnoea in the dog.	2001 Feb	11263701
Comparison of detomidine and romifidine as premedicants before ketamine and halothane anesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery.	2001 Mar	11277200
Cardiopulmonary effects of three different anaesthesia protocols in cats.	2001 Nov	11765236
Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth.	2001 Oct	11924805
[Sent home while still sleeping].	2001 Oct 1	11677793
Synergistic induction of severe hypothermia (poikilothermia) by limbic seizures, acepromazine and physical restraint: role of noradrenergic alpha-1 receptors.	2001 Oct-Nov	11701206
Effects of medetomidine and buprenorphine administered for sedation in dogs.	2001 Sep	11570387
Human exposure to pet prescription medications.	2002 Aug	12136968
The brain matrix and multifocal brain damage following a single injection of ketamine in young adult rats: conspicuous changes in old age.	2002 Dec	12509193
Effects of treatment with oxytocin, xylazine butorphanol, guaifenesin, acepromazine, and detomidine on esophageal manometric pressure in conscious horses.	2002 Dec	12492291
In vitro effects of oxytocin, acepromazine, detomidine, xylazine, butorphanol, terbutaline, isoproterenol, and dantrolene on smooth and skeletal muscles of the equine esophagus.	2002 Dec	12492290
Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine and acepromazine in pregnant cows in late gestation.	2002 Dec	12492284
Central sympathetic blockade ameliorates brain death-induced cardiotoxicity and associated changes in myocardial gene expression.	2002 Dec	12447173
[Priapism in the stallion].	2002 Dec 15	12516385
Effect of acepromazine and butorphanol on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats.	2002 Feb	11874529
Comparison between meloxicam and carprofen for postoperative analgesia after feline ovariohysterectomy.	2002 Jul	12137147
Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication.	2002 Jul	12118677
The sedative and behavioral effects of nalbuphine in dogs.	2003 Jul	12906398
Hypotensive effect of push-pull gravitational stress occurs after autonomic blockade.	2003 Jul	12794095
Effects of acepromazine on renal function in anesthetized dogs.	2003 May	12755300
Analysis of phenothiazine and its derivatives using LC/electrochemistry/MS and LC/electrochemistry/fluorescence.	2003 Sep 15	14674461
The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs.	2004 Apr	15053748
The neuromatrix and the epileptic brain: behavioral and learning preservation in limbic epileptic rats treated with ketamine but not acepromazine.	2004 Feb	14751217
Comparison of preoperative carprofen and postoperative butorphanol as postsurgical analgesics in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.	2004 Jul	15268687
Intense (18)F-FDG uptake in brown fat can be reduced pharmacologically.	2004 Jul	15235065
Elevated nociceptive thresholds in rats with multifocal brain damage induced with single subcutaneous injections of lithium and pilocarpine.	2004 Jun	15209296
Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis.	2004 Oct	15509290
Laparoscopic nonanatomic hepatic resection employing the LigaSure device.	2005 Jan-Mar	15791967
Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses.	2005 Mar	15762913
Muscle metabolic changes associated with long-term inhalation anaesthesia in the horse analysed by muscle biopsy and microdialysis techniques.	2005 Mar	15737180
Gamma scintigraphic evaluation of a miniaturized AERx pulmonary delivery system for aerosol delivery to anesthetized animals using a positive pressure ventilation system.	2005 Spring	15741772

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Acepromazine Maleate Injection may be given intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The following schedule may be used as a guide to IV, IM or SC injections: Dogs: 0.25-0.5 mg/lb of body weight. Cats: 0.5-1 mg/lb of body weight. Horses: 2-4 mg/100 lb of body weight. 0.25 - 3 mg per kg body weight by oral administration.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

The crude extract of Chlamydia pneumoniae induced the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in 45 ± 5% of the cells. Acepromazine significantly reduced the mean percentage of differentiated cells: with 10−5 M ACP, 18 ± % (p < 0.005) of the cells differentiated into macrophages and with 10−4 M the mean percentage of differentiated cells was equivalent to the control values: 5 ± 1% (p < 0.001). Viability of the differentiated and nondifferentiated THP-1 was = 98%.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Wed Jul 05 23:42:39 UTC 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Wed Jul 05 23:42:39 UTC 2023`
Record UNII	54EJ303F0R
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ACEPROMAZINE

Official Name

English

ATRAVET

Brand Name

English

CONCENTRAT VO34

Brand Name

English

ETHANONE, 1-(10-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-10H-PHENOTHIAZIN-2-YL)-

Systematic Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

acepromazine [INN]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ACEZINE 2

Brand Name

English

ACETYLPROMAZINE

Common Name

English

10-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)PHENOTHIAZIN-2-YL METHYL KETONE

Systematic Name

English

ACP

Common Name

English

ACE

Common Name

English

Acepromazine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QN05AA04