ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS.C4H4O4
Molecular Weight	442.528
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	1
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.CN(C)CCCN1C2=C(SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)C(C)=O)C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=FQRHOOHLUYHMGG-BTJKTKAUSA-N

InChI=1S/C19H22N2OS.C4H4O4/c1-14(22)15-9-10-19-17(13-15)21(12-6-11-20(2)3)16-7-4-5-8-18(16)23-19;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h4-5,7-10,13H,6,11-12H2,1-3H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1-

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C19H22N2OS
Molecular Weight	326.456
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Molecular Formula	C4H4O4
Molecular Weight	116.0722
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	1
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html | https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine

Acepromazine a potent neuroleptic agent with a low order of toxicity, is of particular value in the tranquilization of dogs, cats and horses. Its rapid action and lack of hypnotic effect are added advantages. Acepromazine is a commonly used tranquilizer/sedative in dogs, cats, horses, and other animals. Veterinarians typically prescribe acepromazine to quiet agitated animals or use it as a part of an anesthetic protocol. It is important to note that when used alone, acepromazine is not an effective pain reliever and does little if anything to relieve a pet’s anxiety or fear. Acepromazine can also be used to treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plane rides. The mechanism by which acepromazine decreases a pet’s alertness is not fully understood. It is thought to block dopamine receptors in the brain or inhibit the activity of dopamine in other ways.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Dopamine receptor 60 Target ID: CHEMBL2096905 Sources: https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine \| https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01614	Antagonist 2778
neurological system process 6 Target ID: GO:0050877 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html \| https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Agitation (veterinary) 3 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-injection.html https://www.petmd.com/pet-medication/acepromazine	Primary		Approved 8429	ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE Approved Use Actions: Acepromazine maleate has a depressant effect on the central nervous system and therefore, causes sedation, muscular relaxation and a reduction in spontaneous activity. It acts rapidly, exerting a prompt and pronounced calming effect. Indications: Dogs and Cats: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling intractable animals during examination, treatment, grooming, x-ray and minor surgical procedures; to alleviate itching as a result of skin irritation; as an antiemetic to control vomiting associated with motion sickness. Acepromazine Maleate Injection is particularly useful as a preanesthetic agent (1) to enhance and prolong the effects of barbiturates, thus reducing the requirements for general anesthesia; (2) as an adjunct to surgery under local anesthesia. Horses: Acepromazine Maleate Injection can be used as an aid in controlling fractious animals during examination, treatment, loading and transportation. Particularly useful when used in conjunction with local anesthesia for firing, castration, neurectomy, removal of skin tumors, ocular surgery and applying casts.
Schizophrenia 298 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13536530	Primary		Not Provided 504	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Application of pulsed Doppler ultrasound for the evaluation of small intestinal motility in dogs.	2001 Apr	14614298
Comparisons of the effects of anesthesia and stress on release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and nitric oxide in adult male rats.	2001 Apr	11368420
Recovery from carotid artery catheterization performed under various anesthetics in male, Sprague-Dawley rats.	2001 Jul	11451390
Propofol and methohexital have no significant effect on mucus secretion or clearance in the anesthetized dog.	2001 May	11378620
Synergistic induction of severe hypothermia (poikilothermia) by limbic seizures, acepromazine and physical restraint: role of noradrenergic alpha-1 receptors.	2001 Oct-Nov	11701206
In vitro effects of oxytocin, acepromazine, detomidine, xylazine, butorphanol, terbutaline, isoproterenol, and dantrolene on smooth and skeletal muscles of the equine esophagus.	2002 Dec	12492290
Effects of two preanesthetic regimens for ophthalmic surgery on intraocular pressure and cardiovascular measurements in dogs.	2002 Spring	12050831
Postoperative hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration and receiving butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia.	2003 Feb 1	12564595
Progressive changes in ophthalmic blood velocities in Beagles with primary open angle glaucoma.	2003 Mar	12641848
Changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size following intramuscular administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride and acepromazine in clinically normal dogs.	2003 Mar	12641847
Temporal changes in ventricular function assessed echocardiographically in conscious and anesthetized mice.	2003 Nov	14608286
Analysis of phenothiazine and its derivatives using LC/electrochemistry/MS and LC/electrochemistry/fluorescence.	2003 Sep 15	14674461
Orthologous gene-expression profiling in multi-species models: search for candidate genes.	2004	15128448
Middle-latency auditory-evoked potential in acepromazine-sedated dogs.	2004 Mar-Apr	15058770
Sonographic features of drug-induced splenic congestion.	2004 May-Jun	15200260
Intentional overdose of Large Animal Immobilon.	2004 Oct	15359207
Overdose during chemical restraint in a black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).	2005 Jan	15663740

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Acepromazine Maleate Injection may be given intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The following schedule may be used as a guide to IV, IM or SC injections: Dogs: 0.25-0.5 mg/lb of body weight. Cats: 0.5-1 mg/lb of body weight. Horses: 2-4 mg/100 lb of body weight. 0.25 - 3 mg per kg body weight by oral administration.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

The crude extract of Chlamydia pneumoniae induced the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in 45 ± 5% of the cells. Acepromazine significantly reduced the mean percentage of differentiated cells: with 10−5 M ACP, 18 ± % (p < 0.005) of the cells differentiated into macrophages and with 10−4 M the mean percentage of differentiated cells was equivalent to the control values: 5 ± 1% (p < 0.001). Viability of the differentiated and nondifferentiated THP-1 was = 98%.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:14:08 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:14:08 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	37862HP2OM
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE

Official Name

English

Acepromazine maleate [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [MI]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

NSC-264522

Code

English

10-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]phenothiazin-2-yl methyl ketone maleate (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [USAN]

Common Name

English

ETHANONE, 1-(10-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-10H-PHENOTHIAZIN-2-YL)-, (Z)-2-BUTENEDIOATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C66883