Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C15H14FN3O3 |
Molecular Weight | 303.2884 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=CC=C3N2C=N1
InChI
InChIKey=OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H14FN3O3/c1-3-22-15(21)13-12-7-18(2)14(20)10-6-9(16)4-5-11(10)19(12)8-17-13/h4-6,8H,3,7H2,1-2H3
Molecular Formula | C15H14FN3O3 |
Molecular Weight | 303.2884 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/flumazenil.html
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/flumazenil.html
Fumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative and a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, thereby reversing the effects of benzodiazepine on the central nervous system. Fumazenil is used for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, and where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Also for the management of benzodiazepine overdose as an adjunct for appropriate supportive and symptomatic measures. Flumazenil went off patent in 2008 so at present generic formulations of this drug are available.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2093872 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL1962 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18973287 |
3.3 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095190 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10633039 |
148.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: P18507 Gene ID: 2566.0 Gene Symbol: GABRG2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3026 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
8.1 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL4956 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
5.7 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2472 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
2.0 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Secondary | FLUMAZENIL Approved UseFlumazenil Injection, USP is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for the management of benzodiazepine overdose. Launch Date2004 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
45.9 ng/mL |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
6.98 ng/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5.28 ng/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
12.9 ng × h/mL |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
12 ng × h/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
9.1 ng × h/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.18 h |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.05 h |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.12 h |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
3 mg single, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 3 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 3 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 32-62 |
|
7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Other AEs: Injection site pain, Agitation... Other AEs: Injection site pain (10.3%) Sources: Agitation (8%) Anxiety (3.4%) Crying abnormal (3.4%) Headache (3.4%) Vomiting (3.4%) Tachycardia (3.4%) Dizziness (3.4%) Nausea (2.3%) Convulsions (1.1%) |
1 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 1 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Convulsions | 1.1% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Injection site pain | 10.3% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Nausea | 2.3% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Anxiety | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Crying abnormal | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Dizziness | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Headache | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Tachycardia | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Vomiting | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Agitation | 8% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Voluntary self-poisoning as a cause of admission to a tertiary hospital internal medicine clinic in Piraeus, Greece within a year. | 2001 |
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Comparison of N2O- and chlordiazepoxide-induced behaviors in the light/dark exploration test. | 2001 Apr |
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Different sensitivities to competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine receptor binding of 11C-iomazenil and 11C-flumazenil in rhesus monkey brain. | 2001 Apr |
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Benzodiazepines protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro. | 2001 Aug |
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Neurophysiological effects of an extract of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae). | 2001 Aug |
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Different types of GABA(A) receptors may mediate the anticonflict and response rate-decreasing effects of zaleplon, zolpidem, and midazolam in squirrel monkeys. | 2001 Aug |
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Changes in mACh, NMDA and GABA(A) receptor binding after lateral fluid-percussion injury: in vitro autoradiography of rat brain frozen sections. | 2001 Aug |
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Influence of benzodiazepine binding site ligands on fear-conditioned contextual memory. | 2001 Aug 24 |
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Delayed synaptic dysfunction of association cortices in carbon monoxide intoxication. | 2001 Dec |
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Dual-[11C]tracer single-acquisition positron emission tomography studies. | 2001 Dec |
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Chronic benzodiazepine treatment of cells expressing recombinant GABA(A) receptors uncouples allosteric binding: studies on possible mechanisms. | 2001 Dec |
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The midazolam-induced paradox phenomenon is reversible by flumazenil. Epidemiology, patient characteristics and review of the literature. | 2001 Dec |
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Brain function in social anxiety disorder. | 2001 Dec |
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Involvement of benzodiazepine binding sites in an antiaggressive effect by 5-HT(1A) receptor activation in isolated mice. | 2001 Dec 7 |
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Binding of [3H]CB 34, a selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, to rat brain membranes. | 2001 Dec 7 |
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Asymmetrical localization of benzodiazepine receptors in the human auditory cortex. | 2001 Jan |
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Disturbed benzodiazepine receptor function at the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy--lomanzenil-binding in de-novo TLE. | 2001 Jul |
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A fluorescent receptor assay for benzodiazepines using coumarin-labeled desethylflumazenil as ligand. | 2001 Jul 1 |
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Sleep inducing effects of propofol microinjection into the medial preoptic area are blocked by flumazenil. | 2001 Jul 27 |
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GABAergic and glutamatergic modulation of exploratory behavior in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
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Visual event-related potentials in cirrhotic patients without overt encephalopathy: the effects of flumazenil. | 2001 Jun |
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Interactions between LY354740, a group II metabotropic agonist and the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex in the rat elevated plus-maze. | 2001 Jun |
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A small dose of midazolam decreases the time to achieve hypnosis without delaying emergence during short-term propofol anesthesia. | 2001 Jun |
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The effects of flumazenil on sleepiness, task performance and nocturnal sleep after anesthesia with midazolam. | 2001 Jun |
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Diazepam poisoning with one-month monitoring of diazepam and nordiazepam blood levels. | 2001 Jun |
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Reversal of reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats by melatonin: involvement of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. | 2001 Jun 15 |
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Relationship of flumazenil and glucose PET abnormalities to neocortical epilepsy surgery outcome. | 2001 Jun 26 |
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Melatonin enhances Th2 cell mediated immune responses: lack of sensitivity to reversal by naltrexone or benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. | 2001 May |
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Modification of the effects of benzodiazepines on the exploratory behaviors of mice on a hole-board by diabetes. | 2001 May |
|
Behavioral effects of agents active at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex in the staircase paradigm. | 2001 May 18 |
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The inability of CCK to block (or CCK antagonists to substitute for) the stimulus effects of chlordiazepoxide. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
Neuroreceptor bindings and synaptic activity in visual system of monocularly enucleated rat. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function . | 2001 May-Jun |
|
The negative GABA(A) modulator methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate attenuates the behavioral effects of the positive GABA(A) modulators triazolam and pregnanolone in rhesus monkeys. | 2001 Nov |
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Confluence of antianalgesic action of diverse agents through brain interleukin(1beta) in mice. | 2001 Nov |
|
Effect of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) on the fluid intake, preference and the taste reactivity in mice. | 2001 Nov 29 |
|
[Functional imaging (PET and SPECT) in epilepsy]. | 2001 Nov 4 |
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Benzodiazepines in the intensive care unit. | 2001 Oct |
|
Benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor binding is very low in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a PET study. | 2001 Oct |
|
Prolonged vigabatrin treatment modifies developmental changes of GABA(A)-receptor binding in young children with epilepsy. | 2001 Oct |
|
Biodistribution, binding specificity and metabolism of [18F]fluoroethylflumazenil in rodents. | 2001 Oct |
|
A change in the density of [(3)H]flumazenil, but not [(3)H]muscimol binding, in Brodmann's Area 9 from subjects with bipolar disorder. | 2001 Oct |
|
2-Arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamides. New potent and selective peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands. | 2001 Oct |
|
Nutritional parameters modify muricidal behavior of male Wistar rats: preventive effects of amino acids and 4' Cl diazepam. | 2001 Oct 26 |
|
Synergistic interaction of diazepam with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agents on rat aortic rings. | 2001 Oct 5 |
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Dose-dependent enhancement of in vivo GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor binding by isoflurane. | 2001 Sep |
|
The effects of flumazenil, Ro 154513 and beta-CCM on the behaviour of control and stressed mice in the staircase test. | 2001 Sep |
|
SPECT and neuropsychological performance in severe depression treated with ECT. | 2001 Sep |
|
Anxiolytic effect of Kami-Shoyo-San (TJ-24) in mice: possible mediation of neurosteroid synthesis. | 2001 Sep 21 |
|
Binding and neuropharmacological profile of zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic. | 2002 Jan 2 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/flumazenil.html
Usual Adult Dose for Reversal of Sedation
Initial dose: 0.2 mg IV one time over 15 seconds.
Repeated doses: 0.2 mg may be given every minute until the desired level of consciousness is achieved.
Maximum total dose 1 mg.
Most patients respond to 0.6 to 1 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15531382
Exposure (48 h) of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably expressing recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2S GABAA receptors to flumazenil (1 or 5 uM) in the presence of GABA (1 uM) enhanced the maximum number (Bmax) of [3H]flunitrazepam binding sites without affecting their affinity (Kd).
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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on
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by
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on
Mon Mar 31 17:48:43 GMT 2025
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Record UNII |
40P7XK9392
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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WHO-ATC |
V03AB25
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WHO-VATC |
QV03AB25
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1012
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NDF-RT |
N0000175680
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5311
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4457
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SUB07693MIG
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3373
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m5436
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100000080704
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DB01205
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759193
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
IC50
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
Has been used as an antidote in the treatment of benzodiazepine and Z-drug overdoses.[
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
probably by cytochrome P450
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (TLC)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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