Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C15H14FN3O3 |
Molecular Weight | 303.2884 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(F)=C3)N2C=N1
InChI
InChIKey=OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H14FN3O3/c1-3-22-15(21)13-12-7-18(2)14(20)10-6-9(16)4-5-11(10)19(12)8-17-13/h4-6,8H,3,7H2,1-2H3
Molecular Formula | C15H14FN3O3 |
Molecular Weight | 303.2884 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/flumazenil.html
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/flumazenil.html
Fumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative and a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, thereby reversing the effects of benzodiazepine on the central nervous system. Fumazenil is used for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, and where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Also for the management of benzodiazepine overdose as an adjunct for appropriate supportive and symptomatic measures. Flumazenil went off patent in 2008 so at present generic formulations of this drug are available.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2093872 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL1962 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18973287 |
3.3 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095190 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10633039 |
148.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: P18507 Gene ID: 2566.0 Gene Symbol: GABRG2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01205 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3026 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
8.1 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL4956 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
5.7 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2472 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973287 |
2.0 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Secondary | FLUMAZENIL Approved UseFlumazenil Injection, USP is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for the management of benzodiazepine overdose. Launch Date2004 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.98 ng/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
45.9 ng/mL |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5.28 ng/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
12 ng × h/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
12.9 ng × h/mL |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
9.1 ng × h/mL |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.05 h |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.18 h |
0.2 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1.12 h |
2.2 mg single, sublingual dose: 2.2 mg route of administration: Sublingual experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUMAZENIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
3 mg single, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 3 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 3 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 32-62 n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: epilepsy Age Group: 32-62 Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
|
7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Other AEs: Injection site pain, Agitation... Other AEs: Injection site pain (10.3%) Sources: Agitation (8%) Anxiety (3.4%) Crying abnormal (3.4%) Headache (3.4%) Vomiting (3.4%) Tachycardia (3.4%) Dizziness (3.4%) Nausea (2.3%) Convulsions (1.1%) |
1 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 1 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 1 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 265 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hepatic encephalopathy Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 265 Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Convulsions | 1.1% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Injection site pain | 10.3% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Nausea | 2.3% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Anxiety | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Crying abnormal | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Dizziness | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Headache | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Tachycardia | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Vomiting | 3.4% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
Agitation | 8% | 7.13 mg single, intravenous (mean) Recommended Dose: 7.13 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 7.13 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) n = 87 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: benzodiazepine overdose Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 87 Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Midazolam-induced hyperalgesia in rats: modulation via GABA(A) receptors at supraspinal level. | 1999 Apr 1 |
|
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for acute and chronic hepatic encephalopathy. | 2001 |
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Comparison of N2O- and chlordiazepoxide-induced behaviors in the light/dark exploration test. | 2001 Apr |
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Different sensitivities to competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine receptor binding of 11C-iomazenil and 11C-flumazenil in rhesus monkey brain. | 2001 Apr |
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Naloxone blocks 'anxiolytic' effects of neuropeptide Y. | 2001 Apr |
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Identification of amino acid residues responsible for the alpha5 subunit binding selectivity of L-655,708, a benzodiazepine binding site ligand at the GABA(A) receptor. | 2001 Apr |
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Assessment of [18F]fluoroethylflumazenil metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Apr 15 |
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Diazepam increases the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. | 2001 Aug |
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Changes in mACh, NMDA and GABA(A) receptor binding after lateral fluid-percussion injury: in vitro autoradiography of rat brain frozen sections. | 2001 Aug |
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Increase in expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha(4) subunit gene induced by withdrawal of, but not by long-term treatment with, benzodiazepine full or partial agonists. | 2001 Aug 15 |
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Delayed synaptic dysfunction of association cortices in carbon monoxide intoxication. | 2001 Dec |
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Dual-[11C]tracer single-acquisition positron emission tomography studies. | 2001 Dec |
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Chronic benzodiazepine treatment of cells expressing recombinant GABA(A) receptors uncouples allosteric binding: studies on possible mechanisms. | 2001 Dec |
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The midazolam-induced paradox phenomenon is reversible by flumazenil. Epidemiology, patient characteristics and review of the literature. | 2001 Dec |
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Brain function in social anxiety disorder. | 2001 Dec |
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Involvement of benzodiazepine binding sites in an antiaggressive effect by 5-HT(1A) receptor activation in isolated mice. | 2001 Dec 7 |
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Binding of [3H]CB 34, a selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, to rat brain membranes. | 2001 Dec 7 |
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Anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus-maze tests in repeatedly cold-stressed mice. | 2001 Feb |
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Negative inotropic effect of diazepam in isolated guinea pig heart. | 2001 Feb |
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A comparison of intramuscular ketamine with high dose intramuscular midazolam with and without intranasal flumazenil in children before suturing. | 2001 Jan |
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Use of negatively reinforcing electrical brain stimulation to detect conventional and nonconventional anxiolytics as well as an anxiogenic drug. | 2001 Jan |
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The octadecaneuropeptide ODN stimulates neurosteroid biosynthesis through activation of central-type benzodiazepine receptors. | 2001 Jan |
|
Gender-related differences in response to placebo in benzodiazepine withdrawal: a single-blind pilot study. | 2001 Jan 1 |
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Disturbed benzodiazepine receptor function at the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy--lomanzenil-binding in de-novo TLE. | 2001 Jul |
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Availability of antidotes at acute care hospitals in Ontario. | 2001 Jul 10 |
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GABAergic and glutamatergic modulation of exploratory behavior in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
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Visual event-related potentials in cirrhotic patients without overt encephalopathy: the effects of flumazenil. | 2001 Jun |
|
Behavioral effects of flunitrazepam: reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys and prevention of withdrawal signs in pentobarbital-dependent rats. | 2001 Jun 1 |
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Reversal of reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats by melatonin: involvement of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. | 2001 Jun 15 |
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Mice performance on the staircase test following acute ethanol administration. | 2001 Mar |
|
[3H]Ro 15-1788 binding sites to brain membrane of the saltwater Mugil cephalus. | 2001 Mar |
|
Behavioral and pharmaco-toxicological study of Papaver rhoeas L. in mice. | 2001 Mar 3 |
|
Detection and binding properties of GABA(A) receptor assembly intermediates. | 2001 May 11 |
|
Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function . | 2001 May-Jun |
|
The negative GABA(A) modulator methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate attenuates the behavioral effects of the positive GABA(A) modulators triazolam and pregnanolone in rhesus monkeys. | 2001 Nov |
|
Flumazenil improves cognitive and neuromotor emergence and attenuates shivering after halothane-, enflurane- and isoflurane-based anesthesia. | 2001 Nov |
|
Effect of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) on the fluid intake, preference and the taste reactivity in mice. | 2001 Nov 29 |
|
[Functional imaging (PET and SPECT) in epilepsy]. | 2001 Nov 4 |
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Benzodiazepines in the intensive care unit. | 2001 Oct |
|
Benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor binding is very low in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a PET study. | 2001 Oct |
|
Prolonged vigabatrin treatment modifies developmental changes of GABA(A)-receptor binding in young children with epilepsy. | 2001 Oct |
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[Tetraplegia in the course of coma from drug intoxication]. | 2001 Oct |
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[18F]Fluoroethylflumazenil: a novel tracer for PET imaging of human benzodiazepine receptors. | 2001 Oct |
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Biodistribution, binding specificity and metabolism of [18F]fluoroethylflumazenil in rodents. | 2001 Oct |
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A change in the density of [(3)H]flumazenil, but not [(3)H]muscimol binding, in Brodmann's Area 9 from subjects with bipolar disorder. | 2001 Oct |
|
2-Arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamides. New potent and selective peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands. | 2001 Oct |
|
Nutritional parameters modify muricidal behavior of male Wistar rats: preventive effects of amino acids and 4' Cl diazepam. | 2001 Oct 26 |
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Synergistic interaction of diazepam with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agents on rat aortic rings. | 2001 Oct 5 |
|
Potency of positive gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) modulators to substitute for a midazolam discriminative stimulus in untreated monkeys does not predict potency to attenuate a flumazenil discriminative stimulus in diazepam-treated monkeys. | 2001 Sep |
|
Binding and neuropharmacological profile of zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic. | 2002 Jan 2 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/flumazenil.html
Usual Adult Dose for Reversal of Sedation
Initial dose: 0.2 mg IV one time over 15 seconds.
Repeated doses: 0.2 mg may be given every minute until the desired level of consciousness is achieved.
Maximum total dose 1 mg.
Most patients respond to 0.6 to 1 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15531382
Exposure (48 h) of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably expressing recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2S GABAA receptors to flumazenil (1 or 5 uM) in the presence of GABA (1 uM) enhanced the maximum number (Bmax) of [3H]flunitrazepam binding sites without affecting their affinity (Kd).
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
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by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 15:09:57 GMT 2023
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Record UNII |
40P7XK9392
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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WHO-ATC |
V03AB25
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WHO-VATC |
QV03AB25
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1012
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NDF-RT |
N0000175680
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4457
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SUB07693MIG
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m5436
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DB01205
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759193
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
IC50
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
Has been used as an antidote in the treatment of benzodiazepine and Z-drug overdoses.[
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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METABOLITE -> PARENT |
probably by cytochrome P450
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (TLC)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Volume of Distribution | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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