U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS
This repository is under review for potential modification in compliance with Administration directives.

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C15H14FN3O3
Molecular Weight 303.2884
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of FLUMAZENIL

SMILES

CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=CC(F)=CC=C3N2C=N1

InChI

InChIKey=OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H14FN3O3/c1-3-22-15(21)13-12-7-18(2)14(20)10-6-9(16)4-5-11(10)19(12)8-17-13/h4-6,8H,3,7H2,1-2H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C15H14FN3O3
Molecular Weight 303.2884
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/cdi/flumazenil.html

Fumazenil is an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative and a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, thereby reversing the effects of benzodiazepine on the central nervous system. Fumazenil is used for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, and where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Also for the management of benzodiazepine overdose as an adjunct for appropriate supportive and symptomatic measures. Flumazenil went off patent in 2008 so at present generic formulations of this drug are available.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Secondary
FLUMAZENIL

Approved Use

Flumazenil Injection, USP is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for the management of benzodiazepine overdose.

Launch Date

2004
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
45.9 ng/mL
0.2 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.2 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
6.98 ng/mL
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
5.28 ng/mL
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: HIGH-FAT
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
12.9 ng × h/mL
0.2 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.2 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
12 ng × h/mL
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
9.1 ng × h/mL
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: HIGH-FAT
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.18 h
0.2 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.2 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
1.05 h
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
1.12 h
2.2 mg single, sublingual
dose: 2.2 mg
route of administration: Sublingual
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
FLUMAZENIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: HIGH-FAT
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
3 mg single, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 3 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 3 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 32-62
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 32-62
Sex: M+F
Sources:
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Other AEs: Injection site pain, Agitation...
Other AEs:
Injection site pain (10.3%)
Agitation (8%)
Anxiety (3.4%)
Crying abnormal (3.4%)
Headache (3.4%)
Vomiting (3.4%)
Tachycardia (3.4%)
Dizziness (3.4%)
Nausea (2.3%)
Convulsions (1.1%)
Sources:
1 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 1 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Convulsions 1.1%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Injection site pain 10.3%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Nausea 2.3%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Anxiety 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Crying abnormal 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Dizziness 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Headache 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Tachycardia 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Vomiting 3.4%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Agitation 8%
7.13 mg single, intravenous
Recommended
Dose: 7.13 mg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 7.13 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 35.2 years (range: 17-75 years)
Sex: M+F
Sources:
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Voluntary self-poisoning as a cause of admission to a tertiary hospital internal medicine clinic in Piraeus, Greece within a year.
2001
Comparison of N2O- and chlordiazepoxide-induced behaviors in the light/dark exploration test.
2001 Apr
Different sensitivities to competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine receptor binding of 11C-iomazenil and 11C-flumazenil in rhesus monkey brain.
2001 Apr
Benzodiazepines protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vitro.
2001 Aug
Neurophysiological effects of an extract of Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae).
2001 Aug
Different types of GABA(A) receptors may mediate the anticonflict and response rate-decreasing effects of zaleplon, zolpidem, and midazolam in squirrel monkeys.
2001 Aug
Changes in mACh, NMDA and GABA(A) receptor binding after lateral fluid-percussion injury: in vitro autoradiography of rat brain frozen sections.
2001 Aug
Influence of benzodiazepine binding site ligands on fear-conditioned contextual memory.
2001 Aug 24
Delayed synaptic dysfunction of association cortices in carbon monoxide intoxication.
2001 Dec
Dual-[11C]tracer single-acquisition positron emission tomography studies.
2001 Dec
Chronic benzodiazepine treatment of cells expressing recombinant GABA(A) receptors uncouples allosteric binding: studies on possible mechanisms.
2001 Dec
The midazolam-induced paradox phenomenon is reversible by flumazenil. Epidemiology, patient characteristics and review of the literature.
2001 Dec
Brain function in social anxiety disorder.
2001 Dec
Involvement of benzodiazepine binding sites in an antiaggressive effect by 5-HT(1A) receptor activation in isolated mice.
2001 Dec 7
Binding of [3H]CB 34, a selective ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, to rat brain membranes.
2001 Dec 7
Asymmetrical localization of benzodiazepine receptors in the human auditory cortex.
2001 Jan
Disturbed benzodiazepine receptor function at the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy--lomanzenil-binding in de-novo TLE.
2001 Jul
A fluorescent receptor assay for benzodiazepines using coumarin-labeled desethylflumazenil as ligand.
2001 Jul 1
Sleep inducing effects of propofol microinjection into the medial preoptic area are blocked by flumazenil.
2001 Jul 27
GABAergic and glutamatergic modulation of exploratory behavior in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.
2001 Jul-Aug
Visual event-related potentials in cirrhotic patients without overt encephalopathy: the effects of flumazenil.
2001 Jun
Interactions between LY354740, a group II metabotropic agonist and the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex in the rat elevated plus-maze.
2001 Jun
A small dose of midazolam decreases the time to achieve hypnosis without delaying emergence during short-term propofol anesthesia.
2001 Jun
The effects of flumazenil on sleepiness, task performance and nocturnal sleep after anesthesia with midazolam.
2001 Jun
Diazepam poisoning with one-month monitoring of diazepam and nordiazepam blood levels.
2001 Jun
Reversal of reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements in rats by melatonin: involvement of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors.
2001 Jun 15
Relationship of flumazenil and glucose PET abnormalities to neocortical epilepsy surgery outcome.
2001 Jun 26
Melatonin enhances Th2 cell mediated immune responses: lack of sensitivity to reversal by naltrexone or benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.
2001 May
Modification of the effects of benzodiazepines on the exploratory behaviors of mice on a hole-board by diabetes.
2001 May
Behavioral effects of agents active at the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex in the staircase paradigm.
2001 May 18
The inability of CCK to block (or CCK antagonists to substitute for) the stimulus effects of chlordiazepoxide.
2001 May-Jun
Neuroreceptor bindings and synaptic activity in visual system of monocularly enucleated rat.
2001 May-Jun
Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function .
2001 May-Jun
The negative GABA(A) modulator methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate attenuates the behavioral effects of the positive GABA(A) modulators triazolam and pregnanolone in rhesus monkeys.
2001 Nov
Confluence of antianalgesic action of diverse agents through brain interleukin(1beta) in mice.
2001 Nov
Effect of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) on the fluid intake, preference and the taste reactivity in mice.
2001 Nov 29
[Functional imaging (PET and SPECT) in epilepsy].
2001 Nov 4
Benzodiazepines in the intensive care unit.
2001 Oct
Benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor binding is very low in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a PET study.
2001 Oct
Prolonged vigabatrin treatment modifies developmental changes of GABA(A)-receptor binding in young children with epilepsy.
2001 Oct
Biodistribution, binding specificity and metabolism of [18F]fluoroethylflumazenil in rodents.
2001 Oct
A change in the density of [(3)H]flumazenil, but not [(3)H]muscimol binding, in Brodmann's Area 9 from subjects with bipolar disorder.
2001 Oct
2-Arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl acetamides. New potent and selective peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands.
2001 Oct
Nutritional parameters modify muricidal behavior of male Wistar rats: preventive effects of amino acids and 4' Cl diazepam.
2001 Oct 26
Synergistic interaction of diazepam with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agents on rat aortic rings.
2001 Oct 5
Dose-dependent enhancement of in vivo GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor binding by isoflurane.
2001 Sep
The effects of flumazenil, Ro 154513 and beta-CCM on the behaviour of control and stressed mice in the staircase test.
2001 Sep
SPECT and neuropsychological performance in severe depression treated with ECT.
2001 Sep
Anxiolytic effect of Kami-Shoyo-San (TJ-24) in mice: possible mediation of neurosteroid synthesis.
2001 Sep 21
Binding and neuropharmacological profile of zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic.
2002 Jan 2
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Usual Adult Dose for Reversal of Sedation Initial dose: 0.2 mg IV one time over 15 seconds. Repeated doses: 0.2 mg may be given every minute until the desired level of consciousness is achieved. Maximum total dose 1 mg. Most patients respond to 0.6 to 1 mg.
Route of Administration: Intravenous
Exposure (48 h) of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably expressing recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2S GABAA receptors to flumazenil (1 or 5 uM) in the presence of GABA (1 uM) enhanced the maximum number (Bmax) of [3H]flunitrazepam binding sites without affecting their affinity (Kd).
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:48:43 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:48:43 GMT 2025
Record UNII
40P7XK9392
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ANEXATE
Preferred Name English
FLUMAZENIL
EP   INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
FLUMAZENIL [USAN]
Common Name English
RO-15-1788
Code English
FLUMAZENIL [MI]
Common Name English
FLUMAZEPIL
Common Name English
Flumazenil [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
MAZICON
Brand Name English
FLUMAZENIL [USP-RS]
Common Name English
FLUMAZENIL [VANDF]
Common Name English
Ethyl 8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate
Systematic Name English
RO-151788
Code English
FLUMAZENIL [MART.]
Common Name English
RO-151788000
Code English
NSC-759193
Code English
RO 15-1788/000
Code English
RO-1722
Code English
FLUMAZENIL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
FLUMAZENIL [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
LANEXAT
Brand Name English
FLUMAZENIL [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
ROMAZICON
Brand Name English
4H-IMIDAZO(1,5-A)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 8-FLUORO-5,6-DIHYDRO-5-METHYL-6-OXO-, ETHYL ESTER
Common Name English
flumazenil [INN]
Common Name English
RO-15-1788/000
Code English
FLUMAZENIL [JAN]
Common Name English
RO-41-8157
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC V03AB25
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QV03AB25
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C1012
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175680
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
INN
5311
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
4457
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
EVMPD
SUB07693MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
3373
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m5436
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
SMS_ID
100000080704
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
40P7XK9392
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C47534
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID2023064
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
4192
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1273808
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1195
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
FLUMAZENIL
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
D005442
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL407
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
78755-81-4
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
USAN
W-44
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB01205
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NSC
759193
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
5103
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
40P7XK9392
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:48:44 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
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