Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C27H40O3 |
Molecular Weight | 412.6047 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 6 / 6 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCC3CCCC3)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]4([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC5=CC(=O)CC[C@]45C
InChI
InChIKey=HPFVBGJFAYZEBE-ZLQWOROUSA-N
InChI=1S/C27H40O3/c1-26-15-13-20(28)17-19(26)8-9-21-22-10-11-24(27(22,2)16-14-23(21)26)30-25(29)12-7-18-5-3-4-6-18/h17-18,21-24H,3-16H2,1-2H3/t21-,22-,23-,24-,26-,27-/m0/s1
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00624Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00624
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
Testosterone is a steroid sex hormone found in both men and women. In men, testosterone is produced primarily by the Leydig (interstitial) cells of the testes when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). It functions to stimulate spermatogenesis, promote physical and functional maturation of spermatozoa, maintain accessory organs of the male reproductive tract, support development of secondary sexual characteristics, stimulate growth and metabolism throughout the body and influence brain development by stimulating sexual behaviors and sexual drive. In women, testosterone is produced by the ovaries (25%), adrenals (25%) and via peripheral conversion from androstenedione (50%). Testerone in women functions to maintain libido and general wellbeing. Testosterone exerts a negative feedback mechanism on pituitary release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Testosterone may be further converted to dihydrotestosterone or estradiol depending on the tissue. The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5α-reductase. DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects. Testosterone is used as hormone replacement or substitution of diminished or absent endogenous testosterone. Use in males: For management of congenital or acquired hypogonadism, hypogonadism associated with HIV infection, and male climacteric (andopause). Use in females: For palliative treatment of androgen-responsive, advanced, inoperable, metastatis (skeletal) carcinoma of the breast in women who are 1-5 years postmenopausal; testosterone esters may be used in combination with estrogens in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in women who do not respond to adequately to estrogen therapy alone.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P10275 Gene ID: 367.0 Gene Symbol: AR Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17635942 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL1871 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19856921 |
3.16 nM [EC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | TESTOSTERONE Approved UseTestosterone is an androgen indicated for replacement therapy in males for
conditions associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous
testosterone:
• Primary Hypogonadism (Congenital or Acquired) (1)
• Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (Congenital or Acquired) Launch Date2013 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
13.1 pg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902784/ |
8.2 mg single, topical dose: 8.2 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
214 ng/dL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01725451 |
30 mg single, topical dose: 30 mg route of administration: topical experiment type: single co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE unknown | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
231 ng/dL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01725451 |
30 mg single, topical dose: 30 mg route of administration: topical experiment type: single co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE unknown | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
930.1 ng/dL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01386606 |
5 g 1 times / day multiple, topical dose: 5 g route of administration: topical experiment type: multiple co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE unknown | Homo sapiens |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
948 pg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902784/ |
8.2 mg single, topical dose: 8.2 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2120 ng*h/dL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01725451 |
30 mg single, topical dose: 30 mg route of administration: topical experiment type: single co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE unknown | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
|
3110 ng*h/dL Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01725451 |
30 mg single, topical dose: 30 mg route of administration: topical experiment type: single co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE unknown | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: sex: food status: |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902784/ |
8.2 mg single, topical dose: 8.2 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
13% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10902784/ |
8.2 mg single, topical dose: 8.2 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TESTOSTERONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
75 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (median) Recommended Dose: 75 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: steady Dose: 75 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 150 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypogonadism Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 150 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Hypertension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypertension (5.6%) Sources: |
100 mg 1 times / day steady, topical Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: steady Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, mean 74 years n = 106 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: with limitations in mobility Age Group: mean 74 years Sex: M Population Size: 106 Sources: |
Other AEs: Cardiac disorders, Atherosclerosis... Other AEs: Cardiac disorders (6.5%) Sources: Atherosclerosis (6.4%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 5.6% Disc. AE |
75 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (median) Recommended Dose: 75 mg, 1 times / day Route: subcutaneous Route: steady Dose: 75 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 150 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypogonadism Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 150 Sources: |
Atherosclerosis | 6.4% | 100 mg 1 times / day steady, topical Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: steady Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, mean 74 years n = 106 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: with limitations in mobility Age Group: mean 74 years Sex: M Population Size: 106 Sources: |
Cardiac disorders | 6.5% | 100 mg 1 times / day steady, topical Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: steady Dose: 100 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, mean 74 years n = 106 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: with limitations in mobility Age Group: mean 74 years Sex: M Population Size: 106 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: - |
no | |||
Page: - |
no | |||
Page: - |
no | |||
Page: - |
yes | |||
Page: - |
yes |
Drug as victim
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Study on steroidal oximinoethers: synthesis and stereostructure by NMR spectroscopy. | 1999 Apr |
|
A report on alterations to the speaking and singing voices of four women following hormonal therapy with virilizing agents. | 1999 Dec |
|
Elevation of steroid 5 alpha-reductase mRNA levels in rat cerebellum by toluene inhalation: possible relation to GFAP expression. | 2000 Aug |
|
Changes in serum and tissue zinc levels in sex hormone-induced prostatic carcinogenesis in the noble rat. | 2000 Nov-Dec |
|
Ornithine metabolism along the female mouse nephron: localization of ornithine decarboxylase and ornithine aminotransferase. | 2000 Sep |
|
Spz1, a novel bHLH-Zip protein, is specifically expressed in testis. | 2001 Feb |
|
Castration in Gambel's and Scaled Quail: ornate plumage and dominance persist, but courtship and threat behaviors do not. | 2001 Feb |
|
Photoperiod-induced testicular apoptosis in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). | 2001 Feb |
|
Plasma melatonin concentration before and during testosterone replacement in Klinefelter's syndrome: relation to hepatic indolamine metabolism and sympathoadrenal activity. | 2001 Feb |
|
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance. | 2001 Feb |
|
Porcine gonadal and placental isozymes of aromatase cytochrome P450: sub-cellular distribution and support by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. | 2001 Feb 14 |
|
Changes in androgenic steroid profile due to urine contamination by microorganisms: a prospective study in the context of doping control. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
Self-augmentation effect of male-specific products on sexually differentiated progesterone metabolism in adult male rat liver microsomes. | 2001 Feb 16 |
|
Progressive decrease in bone density over 10 years of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. | 2001 Jan |
|
Long-term remission of ovarian hyperandrogenism after short-term treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. | 2001 Jan |
|
Concentrations of steroid hormones in layers and biopsies of chelonian egg yolks. | 2001 Jan |
|
Glucocorticoids regulate plasma membrane potential during rat thymocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. | 2001 Jan |
|
Differential effects of dexamethasone treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular inflammation and reproductive hormone inhibition in adult rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
The female-to-male transsexual patient: a source of human ovarian cortical tissue for experimental use. | 2001 Jan |
|
On call. I know that men have more heart disease than women and that athletes who use steroids can have heart attacks. Are male hormones responsible for heart disease in ordinary men like me? | 2001 Jan |
|
Identification of twelve O-glycosylation sites in equine chorionic gonadotropin beta and equine luteinizing hormone ss by solid-phase Edman degradation. | 2001 Jan |
|
Androgen-dependent regulation of human angiotensinogen expression in KAP-hAGT transgenic mice. | 2001 Jan |
|
Heat-shock factor-1, steroid hormones, and regulation of heat-shock protein expression in the heart. | 2001 Jan |
|
Anorexia, body composition, and ageing. | 2001 Jan |
|
Effects of hyperprolactinemia on rat prostate growth: evidence of androgeno-dependence. | 2001 Jan |
|
Chlorinated hydrocarbons and biomarkers of exposure in wading birds and fish of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. | 2001 Jan |
|
Novel approaches to female sexual dysfunction. | 2001 Jan |
|
Androgen receptors in cranial nerve motor nuclei of male and female rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
17beta-oestradiol acutely regulates Cl- secretion in rat distal colonic epithelium. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
Expression of the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 mRNA in the human brain. | 2001 Jan 22 |
|
Inhibitors of type II 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. | 2001 Jan 22 |
|
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 9 and other short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases that catalyze retinoid, 17beta- and 3alpha-hydroxysteroid metabolism. | 2001 Jan 22 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: can also be injected https://www.drugs.com/pro/testosterone.html
Starting dose of testosterone gel is 50 mg of testosterone (4 pump
actuations, two 25 mg packets, or one 50 mg packet), applied once
daily in the morning.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26566264
10 nM Testosterone significantly reduced secretion of BDNF in in human airway smooth muscle
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C862
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441404
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100000085234
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DB13943
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M0XW1UBI14
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4454
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9157
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200-368-4
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SUB04734MIG
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M0XW1UBI14
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Testosterone cypionate
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CHEMBL1201101
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DTXSID901015617
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9463
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58-20-8
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835827
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1647001
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C1246
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m10594
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD