Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C5H9N3 |
| Molecular Weight | 111.1453 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C(CN)c1cnc[nH]1
InChI
InChIKey=NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)
Histamine is a depressor amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and a centrally acting neurotransmitter. Phosphate salt of jistamine was used as a diagnostic aid for evaluation of gastric acid secretory function. In addition, this compound is used as a positive control in evaluation of allergenic (immediate hypersensitivity or "Type I") skin testing. In addition, histamine is being studied for treatment of multiple sclerosis. It was approved, that histamine physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The H3R is an auto receptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL231 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL1941 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL264 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL3759 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic | HISTAMINE PHOSPHATE Approved UseIndications and Usage Uses temporarily relieves symptoms due to sinus discomforts associated with inflamed sinuses, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies: sinus pain and pressure runny nose sinus headaches sore throat nasal congestion dry mucus membranes sneezing itchy, burning eyes Reference image sinus.jpg Launch Date-9.6845758E11 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Diagnostic | HISTAMINE PHOSPHATE Approved UseHistamine phosphate is indicated as a diagnostic aid for evaluation of gastric acid secretory function. Anacidity (achlorhydria) in response to histamine may indicate pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, adenomatous polyps of stomach, or gastric carcinoma. Gastric hypersecretion in response to histamine may indicate duodenal ulcer or the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Launch Date-9.6845758E11 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
39 nM EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12092744 |
1 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HISTAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1877 nM × min EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12092744 |
1 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HISTAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
12 min EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12092744 |
1 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 1 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HISTAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
0.03 mg single, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 0.03 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 0.03 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 4 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: asthma Sex: M Population Size: 4 Sources: |
|
0.2 mg single, intramuscular Highest studied dose Dose: 0.2 mg Route: intramuscular Route: single Dose: 0.2 mg Sources: |
unhealthy n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: asthma Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The physiology of brain histamine. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Predictive markers of asthma exacerbation during stepwise dose reduction of inhaled corticosteroids. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Diphenhydramine for the prevention of akathisia induced by prochlorperazine: a randomized, controlled trial. | 2001 Feb |
|
| IL-18 might reflect disease activity in mild and moderate asthma exacerbation. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Histamine alters gene expression in cultured human nasal epithelial cells. | 2001 Feb |
|
| IL-4 production by human basophils found in the lung following segmental allergen challenge. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Histamine prevents polyamine accumulation in mouse C57.1 mast cell cultures. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Characterization of a novel cationic drug transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Chronic tobacco smoke exposure increases airway sensitivity to capsaicin in awake guinea pigs. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Nedocromil sodium inhibits histamine-induced itch and flare in human skin. | 2001 Feb |
|
| A human tissue-engineered vascular media: a new model for pharmacological studies of contractile responses. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Ontogeny of modulatory inputs to motor networks: early established projection and progressive neurotransmitter acquisition. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
| IL-13 overexpression predisposes to anaphylaxis following antigen sensitization. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
| Selective down-regulation of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) alpha-chain messenger RNA among transcriptome in cord blood-derived versus adult peripheral blood-derived cultured human mast cells. | 2001 Feb 15 |
|
| The activation of synovial mast cells: modulation of histamine release by tryptase and chymase and their inhibitors. | 2001 Feb 2 |
|
| Involvement of central histaminergic neurons in polypnea induced by hyperthermia in rabbits. | 2001 Feb 2 |
|
| Mesenchymal transcription factor Fkh6 is essential for the development and differentiation of parietal cells. | 2001 Feb 2 |
|
| Food-deprived activity stress decreased the activity of the histaminergic neuron system in rats. | 2001 Feb 9 |
|
| Comparison of montelukast and fexofenadine for chronic idiopathic urticaria. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Preclinical profile of the monodisperse iodinated macromolecular blood pool agent P743. | 2001 Jan |
|
| The dyspepsia alphabet: DU, GU, GERD, NERD, NUD/FD and UD. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effects of monotherapy with intra-nasal corticosteroid or combined oral histamine and leukotriene receptor antagonists in seasonal allergic rhinitis. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Urticaria induced by cetirizine. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Interleukin-4-positive mast cells are highly associated with the extent of immediate allergic wheal reaction in the skin. | 2001 Jan |
|
| The treatment of rhinovirus infections: progress and potential. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effect of acute metabolic acid/base shifts on the human airway calibre. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effects of BP 2-94, a selective H(3)-receptor agonist, on blood flow and vascular permeability of the rat mandibular incisor pulp. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Mediator involvement in antigen-induced bronchospasm and microvascular leakage in the airways of ovalbumin sensitized Brown Norway rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the mast cell-dependent weal and flare response in human skin in vivo. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effect of the long-acting tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist MEN 11467 on tracheal mucus secretion in allergic ferrets. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Antihistamines. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Characterization of itch-associated responses of NC mice with mite-induced chronic dermatitis. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Management of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Regulatory effect of histamine H1 receptor antagonist on the expression of messenger RNA encoding CC chemokines in the human nasal mucosa. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Premedication with antihistamines may enhance efficacy of specific-allergen immunotherapy. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Dysregulation of the IgE/Fc epsilon RI network in HIV-1 infection. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Expression and biological significance of Ca2+-activated ion channels in human keratinocytes. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Potentiation by histamine of synaptically mediated excitotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurones: a possible role for mast cells. | 2001 Jan |
|
| The rat H3 receptor: gene organization and multiple isoforms. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Questions regarding future research on aspirin and the gastrointestinal tract. | 2001 Jan 8 |
|
| Approaches to healing and prophylaxis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers. | 2001 Jan 8 |
|
| Sunlight, immunosuppression and skin cancer: role of histamine and mast cells. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| CLA reduces antigen-induced histamine and PGE(2) release from sensitized guinea pig tracheae. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Differences in Ca(2+) signaling underlie age-specific effects of secretagogues on colonic Cl(-) transport. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Complement-dependent immune complex-induced bronchial inflammation and hyperreactivity. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Decreased brain histamine-releasing factor protein in patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. | 2001 Mar 2 |
|
| Correlation between neutral endopetidase (NEP) 3.4.24.11 in serum and the degree of the bronchial hyperreactivity. | 2001 Mar 2 |
|
| Neurohormonal regulation of secretion from isolated rat stomach ECL cells: a critical reappraisal. | 2001 Mar 2 |
|
| Extracts of ECL-cell granules/vesicles and of isolated ECL cells from rat oxyntic mucosa evoke a Ca2+ second messenger response in osteoblastic cells. | 2001 Mar 2 |
Sample Use Guides
The skin in the test area should be cleansed with alcohol and air dried.
The histamine control skin test solution should be placed at the same site with the other skin test antigens, either on the patient's back or on the volar surface of the forearm. The patient should be placed in a comfortable position before the testing is begun.
For the prick test, a sharp needle is used to puncture the skin, but not to draw blood. If the scratch test is used, carefully break or scratch the skin with a sterile scarifier. Do not draw blood. Each scratch should be about 2 mm - 4 mm in length.
A small drop of the histamine base 1 mg/mL (Histamine Phosphate 2.75 mg/mL) is placed on the abraded skin site no closer than 4 or 5 cm from an adjacent test site. Some physicians prefer to place the solution on the test area and then prick through the drop with a sharp needle.
Route of Administration:
Parenteral
Histamine prevented monocytic apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, CD95/Fas ligation, or dexamethasone in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The inhibitory effects of histamine on monocytic apoptosis were blocked by an H2R antagonist, and mimicked by an H2R agonist. Histamine also up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and inhibited the activation of caspase-3. The culture supernatants from histamine-treated monocytes inhibited monocytic apoptosis, which was partly reversed by the removal of IL-10. Monocytes cultured with anti-IL-10 mAb and histamine did not exhibit an inhibitory effect on apoptosis. The histamine-induced anti-apoptotic effect was attenuated when monocytes were cultured in the presence of a cAMP inhibitor.
| Name | Type | Language | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
LOINC |
34316-0
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
33290-8
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
25439-1
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
2417-4
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
34317-8
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C687
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
127199
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
2416-6
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
127399
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
13755-4
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
13756-2
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
9410-2
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
2415-8
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
25925-9
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
WHO-ATC |
L03AX14
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C2139
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
35260-9
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
43577-6
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
||
|
LOINC |
44371-3
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C73238
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
820484N8I3
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DB05381
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
200-100-6
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
51-45-6
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
HISTAMINE
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
D006632
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1375
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
M6026
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
774
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
51-45-6
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
3338
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
5333
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
SUB14107MIG
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 07:06:34 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
